适用于 PowerShell 7.0 及以上版本
Windows Terminal 自 2019 年发布以来，已经迅速成为 Windows 平台上最受欢迎的终端应用。它不仅支持多标签页、分屏布局、GPU 加速文本渲染，还提供了完善的 JSON 配置体系。对于系统运维工程师来说，每天启动工作环境时手动打开多个标签、连接不同服务器、调整窗口布局是一项重复且耗时的工作。
借助 PowerShell 对 JSON 配置文件的读写能力，以及 wt.exe 命令行工具的强大参数支持，我们可以将这套流程完全自动化——一条命令就能启动包含多个标签和分屏的完整工作环境。更进一步，还能批量管理配色方案、快捷键绑定等个性化配置，在团队内实现统一的工作环境标准化。
本文将围绕 Windows Terminal 的配置读取与修改、多标签分屏自动化启动、以及主题配色自定义三个方面，展示如何用 PowerShell 打造一套”开箱即用”的终端工作流。
读取和修改 Windows Terminal 配置 Windows Terminal 的所有配置存储在 settings.json 文件中。通过 PowerShell 可以方便地读取、解析和修改这些配置，实现配置的版本化管理或批量部署。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 function Get-WTSettings $settingsPath = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA ` "Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState\settings.json" if (-not (Test-Path $settingsPath )) { $settingsPath = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA ` "Packages\Microsoft.WindowsTerminalPreview_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState\settings.json" } if (-not (Test-Path $settingsPath )) { throw "未找到 Windows Terminal 配置文件" } $content = Get-Content -Path $settingsPath -Raw -Encoding UTF8 $cleanJson = $content -replace '(?m)//.*?$' , '' $config = $cleanJson | ConvertFrom-Json return @ { Config = $config Path = $settingsPath Raw = $content } } function Set-WTDefaultProfile param ( [Parameter (Mandatory )] [string ]$ProfileName ) $settings = Get-WTSettings $config = $settings .Config $target = $config .profiles.list | Where-Object { $_ .name -eq $ProfileName } | Select-Object -First 1 if (-not $target ) { throw "未找到名为 '$ProfileName ' 的配置文件" } $config .defaultProfile = $target .guid $config | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 20 | Set-Content -Path $settings .Path -Encoding UTF8 Write-Host "已将默认 Profile 设为: $ProfileName ($ ($target .guid))" } $settings = Get-WTSettings $settings .Config.profiles.list | ForEach-Object { [PSCustomObject ]@ { Name = $_ .name GUID = $_ .guid Hidden = $_ .hidden } } | Format-Table -AutoSize Set-WTDefaultProfile -ProfileName "PowerShell 7"
执行结果示例：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Name GUID Hidden ---- ---- ------ PowerShell 7 {574e775e-4f2a-5b96 -ac1e-a2962a402336} False Command Prompt {0caa0dad -35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101} False Windows PowerShell {61c54bbd-c2c6-5271 -96e7 -009a87ff44bf } False Azure Cloud Shell {b453cfc9-5a51-5a7e-889c-f8e96be50e27} True Ubuntu (WSL) {2c4de342-38b7 -51cf -b940-2309a097f518} False 已将默认 Profile 设为: PowerShell 7 ({574e775e-4f2a-5b96 -ac1e-a2962a402336})
自动化启动多标签分屏布局 Windows Terminal 提供了 wt.exe 命令行工具，支持通过参数指定标签页、分屏布局和启动命令。我们可以封装一个 PowerShell 函数，实现一键启动包含多个服务器连接的完整运维工作台。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 function Start-WTOpsWorkbench param ( [ValidateSet ("dev" , "staging" , "production" )] [string ]$Environment = "dev" ) $envConfig = @ { dev = @ { servers = @ ("dev-web-01" , "dev-db-01" ) profile = "PowerShell 7" } staging = @ { servers = @ ("stg-web-01" , "stg-web-02" , "stg-db-01" ) profile = "PowerShell 7" } production = @ { servers = @ ("prod-web-01" , "prod-web-02" , "prod-db-01" , "prod-monitor" ) profile = "PowerShell 7" } } $config = $envConfig [$Environment ] $servers = $config .servers $profile = $config .profile $wtArgs = @ () $wtArgs += "-p" $wtArgs += "`"$profile `"" $wtArgs += ";" $wtArgs += "split-pane" $wtArgs += "-V" $wtArgs += "-p" $wtArgs += "`"$profile `"" $wtArgs += "--" $wtArgs += "pwsh" $wtArgs += "-NoExit" $wtArgs += "-Command" $wtArgs += '"Write-Host \"[系统监控] 本地环境\" -ForegroundColor Cyan; Get-Process | Sort-Object CPU -Descending | Select-Object -First 10"' foreach ($server in $servers ) { $wtArgs += ";" $wtArgs += "new-tab" $wtArgs += "-p" $wtArgs += "`"$profile `"" $wtArgs += "--" $wtArgs += "pwsh" $wtArgs += "-NoExit" $wtArgs += "-Command" $wtArgs += "\" Enter-PSSession -ComputerName $server -ConfigurationName PowerShell.7 \"" } $wtArgs += ";" $wtArgs += "new-tab" $wtArgs += "-p" $wtArgs += "`"$profile `"" $wtArgs += "--" $wtArgs += "pwsh" $wtArgs += "-NoExit" $wtArgs += "-Command" $wtArgs += '"Write-Host \"[日志中心] $Environment 环境\" -ForegroundColor Yellow; Get-Content \\logserver\logs\app.log -Tail 50 -Wait"' Write-Host "正在启动 $Environment 环境运维工作台..." -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host " 服务器: $ ($servers -join ', ')" -ForegroundColor Gray Write-Host " 标签数: $ ($servers .Count + 2)" -ForegroundColor Gray Start-Process -FilePath "wt.exe" -ArgumentList $wtArgs } Start-WTOpsWorkbench -Environment dev
执行结果示例：
1 2 3 正在启动 dev 环境运维工作台... 服务器: dev -web-01 , dev -db-01 标签数: 4
此时 Windows Terminal 会自动打开，包含 4 个标签页：第一个标签上下分屏显示本地 PowerShell 和系统监控，第二个标签通过 Enter-PSSession 连接 dev-web-01，第三个标签连接 dev-db-01，第四个标签实时跟踪日志文件。
自定义主题配色与快捷操作 Windows Terminal 的配色方案（Color Scheme）和快捷键绑定（Keybindings / Actions）同样存储在 settings.json 中。我们可以用 PowerShell 批量创建自定义主题，并配置实用的快捷操作，甚至将这些配置导出给团队成员使用。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 function Add-WTColorScheme param ( [Parameter (Mandatory )] [string ]$Name , [ValidateSet ("Dracula" , "Solarized" , "Nord" , "TokyoNight" )] [string ]$Style = "Dracula" ) $presets = @ { Dracula = @ { "background" = "#282a36" "foreground" = "#f8f8f2" "cursorColor" = "#f8f8f2" "black" = "#21222c" "red" = "#ff5555" "green" = "#50fa7b" "yellow" = "#f1fa8c" "blue" = "#bd93f9" "purple" = "#ff79c6" "cyan" = "#8be9fd" "white" = "#f8f8f2" "brightBlack" = "#6272a4" "brightRed" = "#ff6e6e" "brightGreen" = "#69ff94" "brightYellow" = "#ffffa5" "brightBlue" = "#d6acff" "brightPurple" = "#ff92df" "brightCyan" = "#a4ffff" "brightWhite" = "#ffffff" } Nord = @ { "background" = "#2e3440" "foreground" = "#d8dee9" "cursorColor" = "#d8dee9" "black" = "#3b4252" "red" = "#bf616a" "green" = "#a3be8c" "yellow" = "#ebcb8b" "blue" = "#81a1c1" "purple" = "#b48ead" "cyan" = "#88c0d0" "white" = "#e5e9f0" "brightBlack" = "#4c566a" "brightRed" = "#bf616a" "brightGreen" = "#a3be8c" "brightYellow" = "#ebcb8b" "brightBlue" = "#81a1c1" "brightPurple" = "#b48ead" "brightCyan" = "#8fbcbb" "brightWhite" = "#eceff4" } } $settings = Get-WTSettings $config = $settings .Config $rawJson = $settings .Raw $scheme = $presets [$Style ] $scheme ["name" ] = $Name $schemeJson = $scheme | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 5 $newSchemesJson = $rawJson -replace \ '"schemes"\s*:\s*\[' , ` ("`"schemes`": [$schemeJson ," ) Set-Content -Path $settings .Path -Value $newSchemesJson -Encoding UTF8 Write-Host "已添加配色方案: $Name ($Style 风格)" -ForegroundColor Green } function Export-WTThemeConfig param ( [string ]$OutputPath = ".\wt-colorschemes.json" ) $settings = Get-WTSettings $schemes = $settings .Config.schemes $schemes | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Set-Content -Path $OutputPath -Encoding UTF8 Write-Host "已导出 $ ($schemes .Count) 个配色方案到: $OutputPath " -ForegroundColor Green $schemes | ForEach-Object { " - $ ($_ .name)" } | Write-Host } function Set-WTQuickActions $quickActions = @ ( @ { command = "splitPane" name = "水平分屏" keys = "ctrl+shift+bar" }, @ { command = @ { action = "splitPane" split = "vertical" } name = "垂直分屏" keys = "ctrl+shift+plus" }, @ { command = @ { action = "sendInput" input = "cls`r" } name = "快速清屏" keys = "ctrl+shift+k" } ) $settings = Get-WTSettings $config = $settings .Config foreach ($action in $quickActions ) { $existing = $config .actions | Where-Object { $_ .name -eq $action .name } if (-not $existing ) { $config .actions += $action Write-Host " 已添加快捷操作: $ ($action .name) [$ ($action .keys)]" -ForegroundColor Cyan } else { Write-Host " 已存在，跳过: $ ($action .name)" -ForegroundColor DarkGray } } $config | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 20 | Set-Content -Path $settings .Path -Encoding UTF8 Write-Host "`n快捷操作配置完成" -ForegroundColor Green } Add-WTColorScheme -Name "MyDracula" -Style DraculaExport-WTThemeConfig -OutputPath ".\team-wt-colors.json" Set-WTQuickActions
执行结果示例：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 已添加配色方案 : MyDracula (Dracula 风格) 已导出 6 个配色方案到 : .\team-wt-colors.json - Campbell - Campbell Powershell - One Half Dark - One Half Light - Solarized Dark - MyDracula 已添加快捷操作 : 水平分屏 [ctrl+shift+bar] 已添加快捷操作 : 垂直分屏 [ctrl+shift+plus] 已添加快捷操作 : 快速清屏 [ctrl+shift+k] 快捷操作配置完成
注意事项
配置文件备份 ：修改 settings.json 前务必先备份原文件（Copy-Item 即可）。Windows Terminal 在运行时可能随时写入配置，建议在 Terminal 关闭状态下执行修改操作，避免文件被覆盖导致配置丢失。
JSON 注释兼容性 ：settings.json 中可能包含 // 注释，标准的 ConvertFrom-Json 不支持注释。示例中使用了简易的正则去除注释，对于复杂场景建议使用 System.Text.Json 的 JsonNode API（PowerShell 7.4+）或第三方模块处理。
wt.exe 参数转义 ：wt.exe 的命令行参数中，分号 ; 是命令分隔符，双引号需要正确转义。在 PowerShell 中拼接参数时，注意内层引号与外层引号的嵌套关系，建议先用 $wtArgs -join ' ' 输出完整命令行检查一遍再执行。
Profile GUID 稳定性 ：Windows Terminal 使用 GUID 标识每个 Profile，不同机器上的 GUID 可能不同。在脚本中应优先通过 Profile 名称（name 字段）查找，而非硬编码 GUID，确保脚本的可移植性。
路径兼容性 ：Windows Terminal 正式版和预览版的 settings.json 路径不同（包名包含 WindowsTerminal 或 WindowsTerminalPreview）。脚本中应同时检测两个路径，也可以通过 Get-ChildItem 在 $env:LOCALAPPDATA\Packages 下动态搜索。
远程会话依赖 ：使用 Enter-PSSession 连接远程服务器时，目标机器需要启用 WinRM 服务并配置好 PowerShell Remoting。生产环境中建议使用 JEA（Just Enough Administration）端点限制权限，并通过 -ConfigurationName 参数指定受限的会话配置。