PowerShell 技能连载 - Power Shell 5 的类继承(第一部分)

PowerShell 5 内置了类的支持。您可以使用这个新特性来增强已有的 .NET 类的功能。以下是一个例子:创建一个包含新功能的增强的进程类。

进程通常是由 System.Diagnostics.Process 对象代表。它们只有有限的功能,并且假设没有能直接使用的以友好方式关闭一个应用程序的方法。您可以杀除进程(会丢失未保存的数据),或关闭它(用户可以取消关闭)。

以下是一个新的 继承于 System.Diagnostics.Process 的名为 AppInstance 的类。所以它拥有 Process 类中所有已有的功能,您可以增加额外的属性和方法:

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#requires -Version 5
class AppInstance : System.Diagnostics.Process
{
# Constructor, being called when you instantiate a new object of
# this class
AppInstance([string]$Name) : base()
{
# launch the process, get a regular process object, and then
# enhance it with additional functionality
$this.StartInfo.FileName = $Name
$this.Start()
$this.WaitForInputIdle()
}

# for example, rename an existing method
[void]Stop()
{
$this.Kill()
}

# or invent new functionality
# Close() closes the window gracefully. Unlike Kill(),
# the user gets the chance to save unsaved work for
# a specified number of seconds before the process
# is killed
[void]Close([Int]$Timeout = 0)
{
# send close message
$this.CloseMainWindow()
# wait for success
if ($Timeout -gt 0)
{
$null = $this.WaitForExit($Timeout * 1000)
}
# if process still runs (user aborted request), kill forcefully
if ($this.HasExited -eq $false)
{
$this.Stop()
}
}

# example of how to change a property like process priority
[void]SetPriority([System.Diagnostics.ProcessPriorityClass] $Priority)
{
$this.PriorityClass = $Priority
}

[System.Diagnostics.ProcessPriorityClass]GetPriority()
{
if ($this.HasExited -eq $false)
{
return $this.PriorityClass
}
else
{
Throw "Process PID $($this.Id) does not run anymore."
}
}

# add static methods, for example a way to list all processes
# variant A: no arguments
static [System.Diagnostics.Process[]] GetAllProcesses()
{
return [AppInstance]::GetAllProcesses($false)
}
# variant B: submit $false to see only processes that have a window
static [System.Diagnostics.Process[]] GetAllProcesses([bool]$All)
{
if ($All)
{
return Get-Process
}
else
{
return Get-Process | Where-Object { $_.MainWindowHandle -ne 0 }
}
}
}

# you can always run static methods
[AppInstance]::GetAllProcesses($true) | Out-GridView -Title 'All Processes'
[AppInstance]::GetAllProcesses($false) | Out-GridView -Title 'Processes with Window'


# this is how you instantiate a new process and get back
# a new enhanced process object
# classic way:
# $notepad = New-Object -TypeName AppInstance('notepad')
# new (and faster) way in PowerShell 5 to instantiate new objects:
$notepad = [AppInstance]::new('notepad')

# set a different process priority
$notepad.SetPriority('BelowNormal')

# add some text to the editor to see the close message
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5

# close the application and offer to save changes for a maximum
# of 10 seconds
$notepad.Close(10)

如您在这个例子中所见,当您从这个类创建一个新实例时,它启动了一个新的进程,而且这些进程照常暴露出相同的属性和方法。而且,有一些新的例如 SetPriority()Close() 的新方法。

PowerShell 技能连载 - Power Shell 5 的类继承(第一部分)

http://blog.vichamp.com/2017/02/28/inheriting-classes-in-powershell-5-part-1/

作者

吴波

发布于

2017-02-28

更新于

2022-07-06

许可协议

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