PowerShell 技能连载 - 物联网设备管理

在物联网领域，设备管理对于确保设备正常运行和数据采集至关重要。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell构建一个物联网设备管理系统，包括设备监控、数据采集、固件管理等功能。

设备监控

首先，让我们创建一个用于监控物联网设备的函数：

function Monitor-IoTDevices {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$DeviceID,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string[]]$DeviceTypes,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string[]]$MonitorMetrics,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$Thresholds,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$ReportPath,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [switch]$AutoAlert
    )
    
    try {
        $monitor = [PSCustomObject]@{
            DeviceID = $DeviceID
            StartTime = Get-Date
            DeviceStatus = @{}
            Metrics = @{}
            Alerts = @()
        }
        
        # 获取设备信息
        $device = Get-DeviceInfo -DeviceID $DeviceID
        
        # 监控设备
        foreach ($type in $DeviceTypes) {
            $monitor.DeviceStatus[$type] = @{}
            $monitor.Metrics[$type] = @{}
            
            foreach ($instance in $device.Instances[$type]) {
                $status = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    InstanceID = $instance.ID
                    Status = "Unknown"
                    Metrics = @{}
                    Health = 0
                    Alerts = @()
                }
                
                # 获取设备指标
                $deviceMetrics = Get-DeviceMetrics `
                    -Instance $instance `
                    -Metrics $MonitorMetrics
                
                $status.Metrics = $deviceMetrics
                
                # 评估设备健康状态
                $health = Calculate-DeviceHealth `
                    -Metrics $deviceMetrics `
                    -Thresholds $Thresholds
                
                $status.Health = $health
                
                # 检查设备告警
                $alerts = Check-DeviceAlerts `
                    -Metrics $deviceMetrics `
                    -Health $health
                
                if ($alerts.Count -gt 0) {
                    $status.Status = "Warning"
                    $status.Alerts = $alerts
                    $monitor.Alerts += $alerts
                    
                    # 自动告警
                    if ($AutoAlert) {
                        Send-DeviceAlerts `
                            -Instance $instance `
                            -Alerts $alerts
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $status.Status = "Normal"
                }
                
                $monitor.DeviceStatus[$type][$instance.ID] = $status
                $monitor.Metrics[$type][$instance.ID] = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Metrics = $deviceMetrics
                    Health = $health
                    Alerts = $alerts
                }
            }
        }
        
        # 生成报告
        if ($ReportPath) {
            $report = Generate-DeviceReport `
                -Monitor $monitor `
                -Device $device
            
            $report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath
        }
        
        # 更新监控器状态
        $monitor.EndTime = Get-Date
        
        return $monitor
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "设备监控失败：$_"
        return $null
    }
}

数据采集

接下来，创建一个用于采集物联网数据的函数：

function Collect-IoTData {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$CollectionID,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string[]]$DataTypes,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [ValidateSet("RealTime", "Batch", "Scheduled")]
        [string]$CollectionMode = "RealTime",
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$CollectionConfig,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$LogPath
    )
    
    try {
        $collector = [PSCustomObject]@{
            CollectionID = $CollectionID
            StartTime = Get-Date
            CollectionStatus = @{}
            DataPoints = @{}
            Statistics = @{}
        }
        
        # 获取采集配置
        $config = Get-CollectionConfig -CollectionID $CollectionID
        
        # 采集数据
        foreach ($type in $DataTypes) {
            $status = [PSCustomObject]@{
                Type = $type
                Status = "Unknown"
                Config = @{}
                DataPoints = @()
                Statistics = @{}
            }
            
            # 应用采集配置
            $typeConfig = Apply-CollectionConfig `
                -Config $config `
                -Type $type `
                -Mode $CollectionMode `
                -Settings $CollectionConfig
            
            $status.Config = $typeConfig
            
            # 采集数据点
            $dataPoints = Gather-DataPoints `
                -Type $type `
                -Config $typeConfig
            
            $status.DataPoints = $dataPoints
            $collector.DataPoints[$type] = $dataPoints
            
            # 计算统计数据
            $statistics = Calculate-DataStatistics `
                -DataPoints $dataPoints `
                -Config $typeConfig
            
            $status.Statistics = $statistics
            $collector.Statistics[$type] = $statistics
            
            # 更新采集状态
            if ($statistics.Success) {
                $status.Status = "Completed"
            }
            else {
                $status.Status = "Failed"
            }
            
            $collector.CollectionStatus[$type] = $status
        }
        
        # 记录采集日志
        if ($LogPath) {
            $collector | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath
        }
        
        # 更新采集器状态
        $collector.EndTime = Get-Date
        
        return $collector
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "数据采集失败：$_"
        return $null
    }
}

固件管理

最后，创建一个用于管理物联网设备固件的函数：

function Manage-IoTFirmware {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$FirmwareID,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string[]]$DeviceTypes,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [ValidateSet("Update", "Rollback", "Verify")]
        [string]$OperationMode = "Update",
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$FirmwareConfig,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$ReportPath
    )
    
    try {
        $manager = [PSCustomObject]@{
            FirmwareID = $FirmwareID
            StartTime = Get-Date
            FirmwareStatus = @{}
            Operations = @{}
            Verification = @{}
        }
        
        # 获取固件信息
        $firmware = Get-FirmwareInfo -FirmwareID $FirmwareID
        
        # 管理固件
        foreach ($type in $DeviceTypes) {
            $status = [PSCustomObject]@{
                Type = $type
                Status = "Unknown"
                Config = @{}
                Operations = @{}
                Verification = @{}
            }
            
            # 应用固件配置
            $typeConfig = Apply-FirmwareConfig `
                -Firmware $firmware `
                -Type $type `
                -Mode $OperationMode `
                -Config $FirmwareConfig
            
            $status.Config = $typeConfig
            
            # 执行固件操作
            $operations = Execute-FirmwareOperations `
                -Firmware $firmware `
                -Type $type `
                -Config $typeConfig
            
            $status.Operations = $operations
            $manager.Operations[$type] = $operations
            
            # 验证固件
            $verification = Verify-Firmware `
                -Operations $operations `
                -Config $typeConfig
            
            $status.Verification = $verification
            $manager.Verification[$type] = $verification
            
            # 更新固件状态
            if ($verification.Success) {
                $status.Status = "Verified"
            }
            else {
                $status.Status = "Failed"
            }
            
            $manager.FirmwareStatus[$type] = $status
        }
        
        # 生成报告
        if ($ReportPath) {
            $report = Generate-FirmwareReport `
                -Manager $manager `
                -Firmware $firmware
            
            $report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath
        }
        
        # 更新管理器状态
        $manager.EndTime = Get-Date
        
        return $manager
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "固件管理失败：$_"
        return $null
    }
}

使用示例

以下是如何使用这些函数来管理物联网设备的示例：

# 监控物联网设备
$monitor = Monitor-IoTDevices -DeviceID "DEVICE001" `
    -DeviceTypes @("Sensor", "Gateway", "Controller") `
    -MonitorMetrics @("Temperature", "Humidity", "Battery") `
    -Thresholds @{
        "Temperature" = @{
            "MinTemp" = 0
            "MaxTemp" = 50
            "AlertTemp" = 45
        }
        "Humidity" = @{
            "MinHumidity" = 20
            "MaxHumidity" = 80
            "AlertHumidity" = 75
        }
        "Battery" = @{
            "MinLevel" = 20
            "CriticalLevel" = 10
            "ChargingStatus" = "Normal"
        }
    } `
    -ReportPath "C:\Reports\device_monitoring.json" `
    -AutoAlert

# 采集物联网数据
$collector = Collect-IoTData -CollectionID "COLL001" `
    -DataTypes @("Environmental", "Performance", "Security") `
    -CollectionMode "RealTime" `
    -CollectionConfig @{
        "Environmental" = @{
            "Interval" = 300
            "Metrics" = @("Temperature", "Humidity", "Pressure")
            "Storage" = "Cloud"
        }
        "Performance" = @{
            "Interval" = 60
            "Metrics" = @("CPU", "Memory", "Network")
            "Storage" = "Local"
        }
        "Security" = @{
            "Interval" = 3600
            "Metrics" = @("Access", "Threats", "Updates")
            "Storage" = "Secure"
        }
    } `
    -LogPath "C:\Logs\data_collection.json"

# 管理物联网固件
$manager = Manage-IoTFirmware -FirmwareID "FIRM001" `
    -DeviceTypes @("Sensor", "Gateway", "Controller") `
    -OperationMode "Update" `
    -FirmwareConfig @{
        "Sensor" = @{
            "Version" = "2.1.0"
            "UpdateMethod" = "OTA"
            "RollbackEnabled" = $true
        }
        "Gateway" = @{
            "Version" = "3.0.0"
            "UpdateMethod" = "Secure"
            "Verification" = "Hash"
        }
        "Controller" = @{
            "Version" = "1.5.0"
            "UpdateMethod" = "Staged"
            "BackupRequired" = $true
        }
    } `
    -ReportPath "C:\Reports\firmware_management.json"

最佳实践

1. 监控设备状态
2. 采集设备数据
3. 管理设备固件
4. 保持详细的运行记录
5. 定期进行设备检查
6. 实施数据备份策略
7. 建立预警机制
8. 保持系统文档更新