PowerShell 技能连载 - 智能农业管理系统

在智能农业领域,系统化管理对于提高农作物产量和资源利用效率至关重要。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell构建一个智能农业管理系统,包括环境监控、灌溉控制、病虫害防治等功能。

环境监控

首先,让我们创建一个用于监控农业环境的函数:

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function Monitor-AgricultureEnvironment {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$FieldID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$Zones,

[Parameter()]
[int]$SamplingInterval = 300,

[Parameter()]
[string]$DataPath,

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$Thresholds
)

try {
$monitor = [PSCustomObject]@{
FieldID = $FieldID
StartTime = Get-Date
Zones = @{}
Alerts = @()
Statistics = @{}
}

while ($true) {
$sampleTime = Get-Date

foreach ($zone in $Zones) {
$zoneData = [PSCustomObject]@{
ZoneID = $zone
SampleTime = $sampleTime
Temperature = 0
Humidity = 0
SoilMoisture = 0
LightIntensity = 0
CO2Level = 0
Status = "Normal"
Alerts = @()
}

# 获取环境传感器数据
$sensors = Get-EnvironmentSensors -FieldID $FieldID -Zone $zone
foreach ($sensor in $sensors) {
$zoneData.$($sensor.Type) = $sensor.Value
}

# 检查阈值
if ($Thresholds) {
# 检查温度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("Temperature")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.Temperature
if ($zoneData.Temperature -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "HighTemperature"
Value = $zoneData.Temperature
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
if ($zoneData.Temperature -lt $threshold.Min) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "LowTemperature"
Value = $zoneData.Temperature
Threshold = $threshold.Min
}
}
}

# 检查湿度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("Humidity")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.Humidity
if ($zoneData.Humidity -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "HighHumidity"
Value = $zoneData.Humidity
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
if ($zoneData.Humidity -lt $threshold.Min) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "LowHumidity"
Value = $zoneData.Humidity
Threshold = $threshold.Min
}
}
}

# 检查土壤湿度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("SoilMoisture")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.SoilMoisture
if ($zoneData.SoilMoisture -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "HighSoilMoisture"
Value = $zoneData.SoilMoisture
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
if ($zoneData.SoilMoisture -lt $threshold.Min) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "LowSoilMoisture"
Value = $zoneData.SoilMoisture
Threshold = $threshold.Min
}
}
}

# 检查光照强度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("LightIntensity")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.LightIntensity
if ($zoneData.LightIntensity -lt $threshold.Min) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "LowLight"
Value = $zoneData.LightIntensity
Threshold = $threshold.Min
}
}
}

# 检查CO2浓度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("CO2Level")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.CO2Level
if ($zoneData.CO2Level -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "HighCO2"
Value = $zoneData.CO2Level
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
}
}

$monitor.Zones[$zone] = $zoneData

# 处理告警
foreach ($alert in $zoneData.Alerts) {
$monitor.Alerts += $alert

# 记录数据
if ($DataPath) {
$zoneData | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $DataPath -Append
}

# 发送告警通知
Send-EnvironmentAlert -Alert $alert
}

# 更新统计信息
if (-not $monitor.Statistics.ContainsKey($zone)) {
$monitor.Statistics[$zone] = [PSCustomObject]@{
TemperatureHistory = @()
HumidityHistory = @()
SoilMoistureHistory = @()
LightHistory = @()
CO2History = @()
}
}

$stats = $monitor.Statistics[$zone]
$stats.TemperatureHistory += $zoneData.Temperature
$stats.HumidityHistory += $zoneData.Humidity
$stats.SoilMoistureHistory += $zoneData.SoilMoisture
$stats.LightHistory += $zoneData.LightIntensity
$stats.CO2History += $zoneData.CO2Level

# 保持历史数据在合理范围内
$maxHistoryLength = 1000
if ($stats.TemperatureHistory.Count -gt $maxHistoryLength) {
$stats.TemperatureHistory = $stats.TemperatureHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
$stats.HumidityHistory = $stats.HumidityHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
$stats.SoilMoistureHistory = $stats.SoilMoistureHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
$stats.LightHistory = $stats.LightHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
$stats.CO2History = $stats.CO2History | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
}
}

Start-Sleep -Seconds $SamplingInterval
}

return $monitor
}
catch {
Write-Error "环境监控失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

灌溉控制

接下来,创建一个用于控制灌溉系统的函数:

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function Manage-IrrigationSystem {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$FieldID,

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$Schedule,

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$SoilData,

[Parameter()]
[switch]$AutoAdjust,

[Parameter()]
[string]$WeatherForecast,

[Parameter()]
[string]$LogPath
)

try {
$controller = [PSCustomObject]@{
FieldID = $FieldID
StartTime = Get-Date
Zones = @{}
Status = "Normal"
Actions = @()
}

# 获取灌溉系统状态
$irrigationZones = Get-IrrigationZones -FieldID $FieldID
foreach ($zone in $irrigationZones) {
$controller.Zones[$zone.ID] = [PSCustomObject]@{
ZoneID = $zone.ID
CurrentState = $zone.State
WaterFlow = $zone.WaterFlow
Duration = $zone.Duration
NextSchedule = $zone.NextSchedule
Status = "Active"
}
}

# 处理天气预测
if ($WeatherForecast) {
$forecast = Get-WeatherForecast -Location $FieldID -Days 3
if ($forecast.RainProbability -gt 0.7) {
$controller.Status = "WeatherAdjusted"
foreach ($zone in $controller.Zones.Values) {
if ($zone.NextSchedule -lt (Get-Date).AddHours(24)) {
$action = Adjust-IrrigationSchedule `
-ZoneID $zone.ZoneID `
-DelayHours 24 `
-Reason "High Rain Probability"
$controller.Actions += $action

# 记录调整
if ($LogPath) {
$adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "ScheduleAdjustment"
ZoneID = $zone.ZoneID
Action = $action
Reason = "High Rain Probability"
}
$adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}
}
}
}
}

# 自适应控制
if ($AutoAdjust -and $SoilData) {
foreach ($zone in $controller.Zones.Values) {
$zoneSoilData = $SoilData[$zone.ZoneID]
if ($zoneSoilData) {
# 计算最优灌溉量
$optimalIrrigation = Calculate-OptimalIrrigation -SoilData $zoneSoilData

# 更新灌溉计划
if ($optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow -ne $zone.WaterFlow) {
$action = Update-IrrigationPlan `
-ZoneID $zone.ZoneID `
-WaterFlow $optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow `
-Duration $optimalIrrigation.Duration `
-Reason "Soil Moisture Based"
$controller.Actions += $action

# 记录调整
if ($LogPath) {
$adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "IrrigationAdjustment"
ZoneID = $zone.ZoneID
OldFlow = $zone.WaterFlow
NewFlow = $optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow
Duration = $optimalIrrigation.Duration
Reason = "Soil Moisture Based"
}
$adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}
}
}
}
}

# 应用固定计划
elseif ($Schedule) {
foreach ($zoneID in $Schedule.Keys) {
$zoneSchedule = $Schedule[$zoneID]
if ($controller.Zones.ContainsKey($zoneID)) {
$zone = $controller.Zones[$zoneID]

# 更新灌溉计划
if ($zoneSchedule.WaterFlow -ne $zone.WaterFlow) {
$action = Update-IrrigationPlan `
-ZoneID $zoneID `
-WaterFlow $zoneSchedule.WaterFlow `
-Duration $zoneSchedule.Duration `
-Reason "Fixed Schedule"
$controller.Actions += $action

# 记录调整
if ($LogPath) {
$adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "IrrigationAdjustment"
ZoneID = $zoneID
OldFlow = $zone.WaterFlow
NewFlow = $zoneSchedule.WaterFlow
Duration = $zoneSchedule.Duration
Reason = "Fixed Schedule"
}
$adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}
}
}
}
}

# 更新控制器状态
$controller.EndTime = Get-Date

return $controller
}
catch {
Write-Error "灌溉控制失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

病虫害防治

最后,创建一个用于防治病虫害的函数:

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function Manage-PestControl {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$FieldID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$Zones,

[Parameter()]
[string]$CropType,

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$Thresholds,

[Parameter()]
[string]$TreatmentMethod,

[Parameter()]
[string]$LogPath
)

try {
$manager = [PSCustomObject]@{
FieldID = $FieldID
StartTime = Get-Date
Zones = @{}
Alerts = @()
Treatments = @()
}

foreach ($zone in $Zones) {
$zoneData = [PSCustomObject]@{
ZoneID = $zone
CropType = $CropType
PestLevel = 0
DiseaseLevel = 0
Status = "Normal"
Alerts = @()
TreatmentHistory = @()
}

# 获取病虫害数据
$pestData = Get-PestData -FieldID $FieldID -Zone $zone
$zoneData.PestLevel = $pestData.PestLevel
$zoneData.DiseaseLevel = $pestData.DiseaseLevel

# 检查阈值
if ($Thresholds) {
# 检查害虫水平
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("PestLevel")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.PestLevel
if ($zoneData.PestLevel -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "HighPestLevel"
Value = $zoneData.PestLevel
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
}

# 检查病害水平
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("DiseaseLevel")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.DiseaseLevel
if ($zoneData.DiseaseLevel -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "HighDiseaseLevel"
Value = $zoneData.DiseaseLevel
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
}
}

$manager.Zones[$zone] = $zoneData

# 处理告警
foreach ($alert in $zoneData.Alerts) {
$manager.Alerts += $alert

# 记录告警
if ($LogPath) {
$alert | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}

# 发送告警通知
Send-PestAlert -Alert $alert

# 执行防治措施
if ($TreatmentMethod) {
$treatment = Start-PestTreatment `
-ZoneID $zone `
-CropType $CropType `
-Method $TreatmentMethod `
-Level $alert.Value

$zoneData.TreatmentHistory += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Method = $TreatmentMethod
Level = $alert.Value
Result = $treatment.Result
}

$manager.Treatments += $treatment

# 记录防治措施
if ($LogPath) {
$treatmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "Treatment"
ZoneID = $zone
Method = $TreatmentMethod
Level = $alert.Value
Result = $treatment.Result
}
$treatmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}
}
}
}

# 更新管理器状态
$manager.EndTime = Get-Date

return $manager
}
catch {
Write-Error "病虫害防治失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

使用示例

以下是如何使用这些函数来管理智能农业的示例:

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# 配置环境监控
$monitorConfig = @{
FieldID = "FLD001"
Zones = @("Zone1", "Zone2", "Zone3")
SamplingInterval = 300
DataPath = "C:\Data\environment_monitor.json"
Thresholds = @{
"Temperature" = @{
Min = 15
Max = 30
}
"Humidity" = @{
Min = 40
Max = 80
}
"SoilMoisture" = @{
Min = 20
Max = 60
}
"LightIntensity" = @{
Min = 1000
}
"CO2Level" = @{
Max = 1000
}
}
}

# 启动环境监控
$monitor = Start-Job -ScriptBlock {
param($config)
Monitor-AgricultureEnvironment -FieldID $config.FieldID `
-Zones $config.Zones `
-SamplingInterval $config.SamplingInterval `
-DataPath $config.DataPath `
-Thresholds $config.Thresholds
} -ArgumentList $monitorConfig

# 配置灌溉系统
$irrigationConfig = @{
FieldID = "FLD001"
Schedule = @{
"Zone1" = @{
WaterFlow = 2.5
Duration = 30
}
"Zone2" = @{
WaterFlow = 2.0
Duration = 25
}
"Zone3" = @{
WaterFlow = 2.8
Duration = 35
}
}
AutoAdjust = $true
LogPath = "C:\Logs\irrigation_control.json"
}

# 管理灌溉系统
$controller = Manage-IrrigationSystem -FieldID $irrigationConfig.FieldID `
-Schedule $irrigationConfig.Schedule `
-AutoAdjust:$irrigationConfig.AutoAdjust `
-LogPath $irrigationConfig.LogPath

# 配置病虫害防治
$pestConfig = @{
FieldID = "FLD001"
Zones = @("Zone1", "Zone2", "Zone3")
CropType = "Tomato"
Thresholds = @{
"PestLevel" = @{
Max = 0.7
}
"DiseaseLevel" = @{
Max = 0.5
}
}
TreatmentMethod = "Biological"
LogPath = "C:\Logs\pest_control.json"
}

# 管理病虫害防治
$manager = Manage-PestControl -FieldID $pestConfig.FieldID `
-Zones $pestConfig.Zones `
-CropType $pestConfig.CropType `
-Thresholds $pestConfig.Thresholds `
-TreatmentMethod $pestConfig.TreatmentMethod `
-LogPath $pestConfig.LogPath

最佳实践

  1. 实施实时环境监控
  2. 优化灌溉方案
  3. 建立病虫害预警机制
  4. 保持详细的运行记录
  5. 定期进行系统评估
  6. 实施防治措施
  7. 建立数据分析体系
  8. 保持系统文档更新

PowerShell 技能连载 - 智能农业管理系统

http://blog.vichamp.com/2024/09/10/powershell-smart-agriculture/

作者

吴波

发布于

2024-09-10

更新于

2025-03-25

许可协议

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