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PowerShell 技能连载 - 智能农业管理系统

在智能农业领域，系统化管理对于提高农作物产量和资源利用效率至关重要。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell构建一个智能农业管理系统，包括环境监控、灌溉控制、病虫害防治等功能。

环境监控

首先，让我们创建一个用于监控农业环境的函数：

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function Monitor-AgricultureEnvironment {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$FieldID,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string[]]$Zones,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [int]$SamplingInterval = 300,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$DataPath,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$Thresholds
    )
    
    try {
        $monitor = [PSCustomObject]@{
            FieldID = $FieldID
            StartTime = Get-Date
            Zones = @{}
            Alerts = @()
            Statistics = @{}
        }
        
        while ($true) {
            $sampleTime = Get-Date
            
            foreach ($zone in $Zones) {
                $zoneData = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ZoneID = $zone
                    SampleTime = $sampleTime
                    Temperature = 0
                    Humidity = 0
                    SoilMoisture = 0
                    LightIntensity = 0
                    CO2Level = 0
                    Status = "Normal"
                    Alerts = @()
                }
                
                # 获取环境传感器数据
                $sensors = Get-EnvironmentSensors -FieldID $FieldID -Zone $zone
                foreach ($sensor in $sensors) {
                    $zoneData.$($sensor.Type) = $sensor.Value
                }
                
                # 检查阈值
                if ($Thresholds) {
                    # 检查温度
                    if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("Temperature")) {
                        $threshold = $Thresholds.Temperature
                        if ($zoneData.Temperature -gt $threshold.Max) {
                            $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                            $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = $sampleTime
                                Type = "HighTemperature"
                                Value = $zoneData.Temperature
                                Threshold = $threshold.Max
                            }
                        }
                        if ($zoneData.Temperature -lt $threshold.Min) {
                            $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                            $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = $sampleTime
                                Type = "LowTemperature"
                                Value = $zoneData.Temperature
                                Threshold = $threshold.Min
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    
                    # 检查湿度
                    if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("Humidity")) {
                        $threshold = $Thresholds.Humidity
                        if ($zoneData.Humidity -gt $threshold.Max) {
                            $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                            $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = $sampleTime
                                Type = "HighHumidity"
                                Value = $zoneData.Humidity
                                Threshold = $threshold.Max
                            }
                        }
                        if ($zoneData.Humidity -lt $threshold.Min) {
                            $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                            $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = $sampleTime
                                Type = "LowHumidity"
                                Value = $zoneData.Humidity
                                Threshold = $threshold.Min
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    
                    # 检查土壤湿度
                    if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("SoilMoisture")) {
                        $threshold = $Thresholds.SoilMoisture
                        if ($zoneData.SoilMoisture -gt $threshold.Max) {
                            $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                            $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = $sampleTime
                                Type = "HighSoilMoisture"
                                Value = $zoneData.SoilMoisture
                                Threshold = $threshold.Max
                            }
                        }
                        if ($zoneData.SoilMoisture -lt $threshold.Min) {
                            $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                            $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = $sampleTime
                                Type = "LowSoilMoisture"
                                Value = $zoneData.SoilMoisture
                                Threshold = $threshold.Min
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    
                    # 检查光照强度
                    if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("LightIntensity")) {
                        $threshold = $Thresholds.LightIntensity
                        if ($zoneData.LightIntensity -lt $threshold.Min) {
                            $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                            $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = $sampleTime
                                Type = "LowLight"
                                Value = $zoneData.LightIntensity
                                Threshold = $threshold.Min
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    
                    # 检查CO2浓度
                    if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("CO2Level")) {
                        $threshold = $Thresholds.CO2Level
                        if ($zoneData.CO2Level -gt $threshold.Max) {
                            $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                            $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = $sampleTime
                                Type = "HighCO2"
                                Value = $zoneData.CO2Level
                                Threshold = $threshold.Max
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                $monitor.Zones[$zone] = $zoneData
                
                # 处理告警
                foreach ($alert in $zoneData.Alerts) {
                    $monitor.Alerts += $alert
                    
                    # 记录数据
                    if ($DataPath) {
                        $zoneData | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $DataPath -Append
                    }
                    
                    # 发送告警通知
                    Send-EnvironmentAlert -Alert $alert
                }
                
                # 更新统计信息
                if (-not $monitor.Statistics.ContainsKey($zone)) {
                    $monitor.Statistics[$zone] = [PSCustomObject]@{
                        TemperatureHistory = @()
                        HumidityHistory = @()
                        SoilMoistureHistory = @()
                        LightHistory = @()
                        CO2History = @()
                    }
                }
                
                $stats = $monitor.Statistics[$zone]
                $stats.TemperatureHistory += $zoneData.Temperature
                $stats.HumidityHistory += $zoneData.Humidity
                $stats.SoilMoistureHistory += $zoneData.SoilMoisture
                $stats.LightHistory += $zoneData.LightIntensity
                $stats.CO2History += $zoneData.CO2Level
                
                # 保持历史数据在合理范围内
                $maxHistoryLength = 1000
                if ($stats.TemperatureHistory.Count -gt $maxHistoryLength) {
                    $stats.TemperatureHistory = $stats.TemperatureHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
                    $stats.HumidityHistory = $stats.HumidityHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
                    $stats.SoilMoistureHistory = $stats.SoilMoistureHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
                    $stats.LightHistory = $stats.LightHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
                    $stats.CO2History = $stats.CO2History | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
                }
            }
            
            Start-Sleep -Seconds $SamplingInterval
        }
        
        return $monitor
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "环境监控失败：$_"
        return $null
    }
}

灌溉控制

接下来，创建一个用于控制灌溉系统的函数：

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function Manage-IrrigationSystem {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$FieldID,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$Schedule,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$SoilData,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [switch]$AutoAdjust,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$WeatherForecast,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$LogPath
    )
    
    try {
        $controller = [PSCustomObject]@{
            FieldID = $FieldID
            StartTime = Get-Date
            Zones = @{}
            Status = "Normal"
            Actions = @()
        }
        
        # 获取灌溉系统状态
        $irrigationZones = Get-IrrigationZones -FieldID $FieldID
        foreach ($zone in $irrigationZones) {
            $controller.Zones[$zone.ID] = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ZoneID = $zone.ID
                CurrentState = $zone.State
                WaterFlow = $zone.WaterFlow
                Duration = $zone.Duration
                NextSchedule = $zone.NextSchedule
                Status = "Active"
            }
        }
        
        # 处理天气预测
        if ($WeatherForecast) {
            $forecast = Get-WeatherForecast -Location $FieldID -Days 3
            if ($forecast.RainProbability -gt 0.7) {
                $controller.Status = "WeatherAdjusted"
                foreach ($zone in $controller.Zones.Values) {
                    if ($zone.NextSchedule -lt (Get-Date).AddHours(24)) {
                        $action = Adjust-IrrigationSchedule `
                            -ZoneID $zone.ZoneID `
                            -DelayHours 24 `
                            -Reason "High Rain Probability"
                        $controller.Actions += $action
                        
                        # 记录调整
                        if ($LogPath) {
                            $adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = Get-Date
                                Type = "ScheduleAdjustment"
                                ZoneID = $zone.ZoneID
                                Action = $action
                                Reason = "High Rain Probability"
                            }
                            $adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        # 自适应控制
        if ($AutoAdjust -and $SoilData) {
            foreach ($zone in $controller.Zones.Values) {
                $zoneSoilData = $SoilData[$zone.ZoneID]
                if ($zoneSoilData) {
                    # 计算最优灌溉量
                    $optimalIrrigation = Calculate-OptimalIrrigation -SoilData $zoneSoilData
                    
                    # 更新灌溉计划
                    if ($optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow -ne $zone.WaterFlow) {
                        $action = Update-IrrigationPlan `
                            -ZoneID $zone.ZoneID `
                            -WaterFlow $optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow `
                            -Duration $optimalIrrigation.Duration `
                            -Reason "Soil Moisture Based"
                        $controller.Actions += $action
                        
                        # 记录调整
                        if ($LogPath) {
                            $adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = Get-Date
                                Type = "IrrigationAdjustment"
                                ZoneID = $zone.ZoneID
                                OldFlow = $zone.WaterFlow
                                NewFlow = $optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow
                                Duration = $optimalIrrigation.Duration
                                Reason = "Soil Moisture Based"
                            }
                            $adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        # 应用固定计划
        elseif ($Schedule) {
            foreach ($zoneID in $Schedule.Keys) {
                $zoneSchedule = $Schedule[$zoneID]
                if ($controller.Zones.ContainsKey($zoneID)) {
                    $zone = $controller.Zones[$zoneID]
                    
                    # 更新灌溉计划
                    if ($zoneSchedule.WaterFlow -ne $zone.WaterFlow) {
                        $action = Update-IrrigationPlan `
                            -ZoneID $zoneID `
                            -WaterFlow $zoneSchedule.WaterFlow `
                            -Duration $zoneSchedule.Duration `
                            -Reason "Fixed Schedule"
                        $controller.Actions += $action
                        
                        # 记录调整
                        if ($LogPath) {
                            $adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Time = Get-Date
                                Type = "IrrigationAdjustment"
                                ZoneID = $zoneID
                                OldFlow = $zone.WaterFlow
                                NewFlow = $zoneSchedule.WaterFlow
                                Duration = $zoneSchedule.Duration
                                Reason = "Fixed Schedule"
                            }
                            $adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        # 更新控制器状态
        $controller.EndTime = Get-Date
        
        return $controller
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "灌溉控制失败：$_"
        return $null
    }
}

病虫害防治

最后，创建一个用于防治病虫害的函数：

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function Manage-PestControl {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$FieldID,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string[]]$Zones,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$CropType,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$Thresholds,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$TreatmentMethod,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$LogPath
    )
    
    try {
        $manager = [PSCustomObject]@{
            FieldID = $FieldID
            StartTime = Get-Date
            Zones = @{}
            Alerts = @()
            Treatments = @()
        }
        
        foreach ($zone in $Zones) {
            $zoneData = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ZoneID = $zone
                CropType = $CropType
                PestLevel = 0
                DiseaseLevel = 0
                Status = "Normal"
                Alerts = @()
                TreatmentHistory = @()
            }
            
            # 获取病虫害数据
            $pestData = Get-PestData -FieldID $FieldID -Zone $zone
            $zoneData.PestLevel = $pestData.PestLevel
            $zoneData.DiseaseLevel = $pestData.DiseaseLevel
            
            # 检查阈值
            if ($Thresholds) {
                # 检查害虫水平
                if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("PestLevel")) {
                    $threshold = $Thresholds.PestLevel
                    if ($zoneData.PestLevel -gt $threshold.Max) {
                        $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                        $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                            Time = Get-Date
                            Type = "HighPestLevel"
                            Value = $zoneData.PestLevel
                            Threshold = $threshold.Max
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                # 检查病害水平
                if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("DiseaseLevel")) {
                    $threshold = $Thresholds.DiseaseLevel
                    if ($zoneData.DiseaseLevel -gt $threshold.Max) {
                        $zoneData.Status = "Warning"
                        $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
                            Time = Get-Date
                            Type = "HighDiseaseLevel"
                            Value = $zoneData.DiseaseLevel
                            Threshold = $threshold.Max
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            $manager.Zones[$zone] = $zoneData
            
            # 处理告警
            foreach ($alert in $zoneData.Alerts) {
                $manager.Alerts += $alert
                
                # 记录告警
                if ($LogPath) {
                    $alert | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
                }
                
                # 发送告警通知
                Send-PestAlert -Alert $alert
                
                # 执行防治措施
                if ($TreatmentMethod) {
                    $treatment = Start-PestTreatment `
                        -ZoneID $zone `
                        -CropType $CropType `
                        -Method $TreatmentMethod `
                        -Level $alert.Value
                    
                    $zoneData.TreatmentHistory += [PSCustomObject]@{
                        Time = Get-Date
                        Method = $TreatmentMethod
                        Level = $alert.Value
                        Result = $treatment.Result
                    }
                    
                    $manager.Treatments += $treatment
                    
                    # 记录防治措施
                    if ($LogPath) {
                        $treatmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
                            Time = Get-Date
                            Type = "Treatment"
                            ZoneID = $zone
                            Method = $TreatmentMethod
                            Level = $alert.Value
                            Result = $treatment.Result
                        }
                        $treatmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        # 更新管理器状态
        $manager.EndTime = Get-Date
        
        return $manager
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "病虫害防治失败：$_"
        return $null
    }
}

使用示例

以下是如何使用这些函数来管理智能农业的示例：

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# 配置环境监控
$monitorConfig = @{
    FieldID = "FLD001"
    Zones = @("Zone1", "Zone2", "Zone3")
    SamplingInterval = 300
    DataPath = "C:\Data\environment_monitor.json"
    Thresholds = @{
        "Temperature" = @{
            Min = 15
            Max = 30
        }
        "Humidity" = @{
            Min = 40
            Max = 80
        }
        "SoilMoisture" = @{
            Min = 20
            Max = 60
        }
        "LightIntensity" = @{
            Min = 1000
        }
        "CO2Level" = @{
            Max = 1000
        }
    }
}

# 启动环境监控
$monitor = Start-Job -ScriptBlock {
    param($config)
    Monitor-AgricultureEnvironment -FieldID $config.FieldID `
        -Zones $config.Zones `
        -SamplingInterval $config.SamplingInterval `
        -DataPath $config.DataPath `
        -Thresholds $config.Thresholds
} -ArgumentList $monitorConfig

# 配置灌溉系统
$irrigationConfig = @{
    FieldID = "FLD001"
    Schedule = @{
        "Zone1" = @{
            WaterFlow = 2.5
            Duration = 30
        }
        "Zone2" = @{
            WaterFlow = 2.0
            Duration = 25
        }
        "Zone3" = @{
            WaterFlow = 2.8
            Duration = 35
        }
    }
    AutoAdjust = $true
    LogPath = "C:\Logs\irrigation_control.json"
}

# 管理灌溉系统
$controller = Manage-IrrigationSystem -FieldID $irrigationConfig.FieldID `
    -Schedule $irrigationConfig.Schedule `
    -AutoAdjust:$irrigationConfig.AutoAdjust `
    -LogPath $irrigationConfig.LogPath

# 配置病虫害防治
$pestConfig = @{
    FieldID = "FLD001"
    Zones = @("Zone1", "Zone2", "Zone3")
    CropType = "Tomato"
    Thresholds = @{
        "PestLevel" = @{
            Max = 0.7
        }
        "DiseaseLevel" = @{
            Max = 0.5
        }
    }
    TreatmentMethod = "Biological"
    LogPath = "C:\Logs\pest_control.json"
}

# 管理病虫害防治
$manager = Manage-PestControl -FieldID $pestConfig.FieldID `
    -Zones $pestConfig.Zones `
    -CropType $pestConfig.CropType `
    -Thresholds $pestConfig.Thresholds `
    -TreatmentMethod $pestConfig.TreatmentMethod `
    -LogPath $pestConfig.LogPath

最佳实践

  1. 实施实时环境监控
  2. 优化灌溉方案
  3. 建立病虫害预警机制
  4. 保持详细的运行记录
  5. 定期进行系统评估
  6. 实施防治措施
  7. 建立数据分析体系
  8. 保持系统文档更新

PowerShell 技能连载 - 智能农业管理系统

http://blog.vichamp.com/2024/09/10/powershell-smart-agriculture/

作者

吴波

发布于

2024-09-10

更新于

2025-03-25

许可协议

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