在智能农业领域,系统化管理对于提高农作物产量和资源利用效率至关重要。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell构建一个智能农业管理系统,包括环境监控、灌溉控制、病虫害防治等功能。
环境监控
首先,让我们创建一个用于监控农业环境的函数:
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| function Monitor-AgricultureEnvironment { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [string]$FieldID, [Parameter()] [string[]]$Zones, [Parameter()] [int]$SamplingInterval = 300, [Parameter()] [string]$DataPath, [Parameter()] [hashtable]$Thresholds ) try { $monitor = [PSCustomObject]@{ FieldID = $FieldID StartTime = Get-Date Zones = @{} Alerts = @() Statistics = @{} } while ($true) { $sampleTime = Get-Date foreach ($zone in $Zones) { $zoneData = [PSCustomObject]@{ ZoneID = $zone SampleTime = $sampleTime Temperature = 0 Humidity = 0 SoilMoisture = 0 LightIntensity = 0 CO2Level = 0 Status = "Normal" Alerts = @() } $sensors = Get-EnvironmentSensors -FieldID $FieldID -Zone $zone foreach ($sensor in $sensors) { $zoneData.$($sensor.Type) = $sensor.Value } if ($Thresholds) { if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("Temperature")) { $threshold = $Thresholds.Temperature if ($zoneData.Temperature -gt $threshold.Max) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = $sampleTime Type = "HighTemperature" Value = $zoneData.Temperature Threshold = $threshold.Max } } if ($zoneData.Temperature -lt $threshold.Min) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = $sampleTime Type = "LowTemperature" Value = $zoneData.Temperature Threshold = $threshold.Min } } } if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("Humidity")) { $threshold = $Thresholds.Humidity if ($zoneData.Humidity -gt $threshold.Max) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = $sampleTime Type = "HighHumidity" Value = $zoneData.Humidity Threshold = $threshold.Max } } if ($zoneData.Humidity -lt $threshold.Min) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = $sampleTime Type = "LowHumidity" Value = $zoneData.Humidity Threshold = $threshold.Min } } } if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("SoilMoisture")) { $threshold = $Thresholds.SoilMoisture if ($zoneData.SoilMoisture -gt $threshold.Max) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = $sampleTime Type = "HighSoilMoisture" Value = $zoneData.SoilMoisture Threshold = $threshold.Max } } if ($zoneData.SoilMoisture -lt $threshold.Min) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = $sampleTime Type = "LowSoilMoisture" Value = $zoneData.SoilMoisture Threshold = $threshold.Min } } } if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("LightIntensity")) { $threshold = $Thresholds.LightIntensity if ($zoneData.LightIntensity -lt $threshold.Min) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = $sampleTime Type = "LowLight" Value = $zoneData.LightIntensity Threshold = $threshold.Min } } } if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("CO2Level")) { $threshold = $Thresholds.CO2Level if ($zoneData.CO2Level -gt $threshold.Max) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = $sampleTime Type = "HighCO2" Value = $zoneData.CO2Level Threshold = $threshold.Max } } } } $monitor.Zones[$zone] = $zoneData foreach ($alert in $zoneData.Alerts) { $monitor.Alerts += $alert if ($DataPath) { $zoneData | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $DataPath -Append } Send-EnvironmentAlert -Alert $alert } if (-not $monitor.Statistics.ContainsKey($zone)) { $monitor.Statistics[$zone] = [PSCustomObject]@{ TemperatureHistory = @() HumidityHistory = @() SoilMoistureHistory = @() LightHistory = @() CO2History = @() } } $stats = $monitor.Statistics[$zone] $stats.TemperatureHistory += $zoneData.Temperature $stats.HumidityHistory += $zoneData.Humidity $stats.SoilMoistureHistory += $zoneData.SoilMoisture $stats.LightHistory += $zoneData.LightIntensity $stats.CO2History += $zoneData.CO2Level $maxHistoryLength = 1000 if ($stats.TemperatureHistory.Count -gt $maxHistoryLength) { $stats.TemperatureHistory = $stats.TemperatureHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength $stats.HumidityHistory = $stats.HumidityHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength $stats.SoilMoistureHistory = $stats.SoilMoistureHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength $stats.LightHistory = $stats.LightHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength $stats.CO2History = $stats.CO2History | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength } } Start-Sleep -Seconds $SamplingInterval } return $monitor } catch { Write-Error "环境监控失败:$_" return $null } }
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灌溉控制
接下来,创建一个用于控制灌溉系统的函数:
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| function Manage-IrrigationSystem { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [string]$FieldID, [Parameter()] [hashtable]$Schedule, [Parameter()] [hashtable]$SoilData, [Parameter()] [switch]$AutoAdjust, [Parameter()] [string]$WeatherForecast, [Parameter()] [string]$LogPath ) try { $controller = [PSCustomObject]@{ FieldID = $FieldID StartTime = Get-Date Zones = @{} Status = "Normal" Actions = @() } $irrigationZones = Get-IrrigationZones -FieldID $FieldID foreach ($zone in $irrigationZones) { $controller.Zones[$zone.ID] = [PSCustomObject]@{ ZoneID = $zone.ID CurrentState = $zone.State WaterFlow = $zone.WaterFlow Duration = $zone.Duration NextSchedule = $zone.NextSchedule Status = "Active" } } if ($WeatherForecast) { $forecast = Get-WeatherForecast -Location $FieldID -Days 3 if ($forecast.RainProbability -gt 0.7) { $controller.Status = "WeatherAdjusted" foreach ($zone in $controller.Zones.Values) { if ($zone.NextSchedule -lt (Get-Date).AddHours(24)) { $action = Adjust-IrrigationSchedule ` -ZoneID $zone.ZoneID ` -DelayHours 24 ` -Reason "High Rain Probability" $controller.Actions += $action if ($LogPath) { $adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = Get-Date Type = "ScheduleAdjustment" ZoneID = $zone.ZoneID Action = $action Reason = "High Rain Probability" } $adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append } } } } } if ($AutoAdjust -and $SoilData) { foreach ($zone in $controller.Zones.Values) { $zoneSoilData = $SoilData[$zone.ZoneID] if ($zoneSoilData) { $optimalIrrigation = Calculate-OptimalIrrigation -SoilData $zoneSoilData if ($optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow -ne $zone.WaterFlow) { $action = Update-IrrigationPlan ` -ZoneID $zone.ZoneID ` -WaterFlow $optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow ` -Duration $optimalIrrigation.Duration ` -Reason "Soil Moisture Based" $controller.Actions += $action if ($LogPath) { $adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = Get-Date Type = "IrrigationAdjustment" ZoneID = $zone.ZoneID OldFlow = $zone.WaterFlow NewFlow = $optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow Duration = $optimalIrrigation.Duration Reason = "Soil Moisture Based" } $adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append } } } } } elseif ($Schedule) { foreach ($zoneID in $Schedule.Keys) { $zoneSchedule = $Schedule[$zoneID] if ($controller.Zones.ContainsKey($zoneID)) { $zone = $controller.Zones[$zoneID] if ($zoneSchedule.WaterFlow -ne $zone.WaterFlow) { $action = Update-IrrigationPlan ` -ZoneID $zoneID ` -WaterFlow $zoneSchedule.WaterFlow ` -Duration $zoneSchedule.Duration ` -Reason "Fixed Schedule" $controller.Actions += $action if ($LogPath) { $adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = Get-Date Type = "IrrigationAdjustment" ZoneID = $zoneID OldFlow = $zone.WaterFlow NewFlow = $zoneSchedule.WaterFlow Duration = $zoneSchedule.Duration Reason = "Fixed Schedule" } $adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append } } } } } $controller.EndTime = Get-Date return $controller } catch { Write-Error "灌溉控制失败:$_" return $null } }
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病虫害防治
最后,创建一个用于防治病虫害的函数:
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| function Manage-PestControl { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [string]$FieldID, [Parameter()] [string[]]$Zones, [Parameter()] [string]$CropType, [Parameter()] [hashtable]$Thresholds, [Parameter()] [string]$TreatmentMethod, [Parameter()] [string]$LogPath ) try { $manager = [PSCustomObject]@{ FieldID = $FieldID StartTime = Get-Date Zones = @{} Alerts = @() Treatments = @() } foreach ($zone in $Zones) { $zoneData = [PSCustomObject]@{ ZoneID = $zone CropType = $CropType PestLevel = 0 DiseaseLevel = 0 Status = "Normal" Alerts = @() TreatmentHistory = @() } $pestData = Get-PestData -FieldID $FieldID -Zone $zone $zoneData.PestLevel = $pestData.PestLevel $zoneData.DiseaseLevel = $pestData.DiseaseLevel if ($Thresholds) { if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("PestLevel")) { $threshold = $Thresholds.PestLevel if ($zoneData.PestLevel -gt $threshold.Max) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = Get-Date Type = "HighPestLevel" Value = $zoneData.PestLevel Threshold = $threshold.Max } } } if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("DiseaseLevel")) { $threshold = $Thresholds.DiseaseLevel if ($zoneData.DiseaseLevel -gt $threshold.Max) { $zoneData.Status = "Warning" $zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = Get-Date Type = "HighDiseaseLevel" Value = $zoneData.DiseaseLevel Threshold = $threshold.Max } } } } $manager.Zones[$zone] = $zoneData foreach ($alert in $zoneData.Alerts) { $manager.Alerts += $alert if ($LogPath) { $alert | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append } Send-PestAlert -Alert $alert if ($TreatmentMethod) { $treatment = Start-PestTreatment ` -ZoneID $zone ` -CropType $CropType ` -Method $TreatmentMethod ` -Level $alert.Value $zoneData.TreatmentHistory += [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = Get-Date Method = $TreatmentMethod Level = $alert.Value Result = $treatment.Result } $manager.Treatments += $treatment if ($LogPath) { $treatmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{ Time = Get-Date Type = "Treatment" ZoneID = $zone Method = $TreatmentMethod Level = $alert.Value Result = $treatment.Result } $treatmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append } } } } $manager.EndTime = Get-Date return $manager } catch { Write-Error "病虫害防治失败:$_" return $null } }
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使用示例
以下是如何使用这些函数来管理智能农业的示例:
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| $monitorConfig = @{ FieldID = "FLD001" Zones = @("Zone1", "Zone2", "Zone3") SamplingInterval = 300 DataPath = "C:\Data\environment_monitor.json" Thresholds = @{ "Temperature" = @{ Min = 15 Max = 30 } "Humidity" = @{ Min = 40 Max = 80 } "SoilMoisture" = @{ Min = 20 Max = 60 } "LightIntensity" = @{ Min = 1000 } "CO2Level" = @{ Max = 1000 } } }
$monitor = Start-Job -ScriptBlock { param($config) Monitor-AgricultureEnvironment -FieldID $config.FieldID ` -Zones $config.Zones ` -SamplingInterval $config.SamplingInterval ` -DataPath $config.DataPath ` -Thresholds $config.Thresholds } -ArgumentList $monitorConfig
$irrigationConfig = @{ FieldID = "FLD001" Schedule = @{ "Zone1" = @{ WaterFlow = 2.5 Duration = 30 } "Zone2" = @{ WaterFlow = 2.0 Duration = 25 } "Zone3" = @{ WaterFlow = 2.8 Duration = 35 } } AutoAdjust = $true LogPath = "C:\Logs\irrigation_control.json" }
$controller = Manage-IrrigationSystem -FieldID $irrigationConfig.FieldID ` -Schedule $irrigationConfig.Schedule ` -AutoAdjust:$irrigationConfig.AutoAdjust ` -LogPath $irrigationConfig.LogPath
$pestConfig = @{ FieldID = "FLD001" Zones = @("Zone1", "Zone2", "Zone3") CropType = "Tomato" Thresholds = @{ "PestLevel" = @{ Max = 0.7 } "DiseaseLevel" = @{ Max = 0.5 } } TreatmentMethod = "Biological" LogPath = "C:\Logs\pest_control.json" }
$manager = Manage-PestControl -FieldID $pestConfig.FieldID ` -Zones $pestConfig.Zones ` -CropType $pestConfig.CropType ` -Thresholds $pestConfig.Thresholds ` -TreatmentMethod $pestConfig.TreatmentMethod ` -LogPath $pestConfig.LogPath
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最佳实践
- 实施实时环境监控
- 优化灌溉方案
- 建立病虫害预警机制
- 保持详细的运行记录
- 定期进行系统评估
- 实施防治措施
- 建立数据分析体系
- 保持系统文档更新