PowerShell 技能连载 - 供应链安全管理

在供应链安全领域，环境管理对于确保软件和硬件的安全性和完整性至关重要。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell构建一个供应链安全管理系统，包括依赖扫描、漏洞检测、签名验证等功能。

依赖扫描

首先，让我们创建一个用于扫描软件依赖的函数：

function Scan-SoftwareDependencies {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$ProjectPath,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string[]]$ScanTypes,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$OutputPath,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$Thresholds,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [switch]$AutoFix
    )
    
    try {
        $scanner = [PSCustomObject]@{
            ProjectPath = $ProjectPath
            StartTime = Get-Date
            Dependencies = @{}
            Vulnerabilities = @()
            Recommendations = @()
        }
        
        # 获取项目依赖
        $dependencies = Get-ProjectDependencies -Path $ProjectPath
        
        foreach ($dep in $dependencies) {
            $scanner.Dependencies[$dep.Name] = [PSCustomObject]@{
                Version = $dep.Version
                Source = $dep.Source
                License = $dep.License
                SecurityScore = 0
                LastUpdated = $dep.LastUpdated
                Status = "Unknown"
            }
            
            # 检查安全评分
            $securityScore = Get-DependencySecurityScore `
                -Name $dep.Name `
                -Version $dep.Version
            
            $scanner.Dependencies[$dep.Name].SecurityScore = $securityScore
            
            # 检查漏洞
            $vulnerabilities = Get-DependencyVulnerabilities `
                -Name $dep.Name `
                -Version $dep.Version
            
            if ($vulnerabilities.Count -gt 0) {
                $scanner.Vulnerabilities += $vulnerabilities
                
                # 生成修复建议
                $recommendations = Get-SecurityRecommendations `
                    -Vulnerabilities $vulnerabilities
                
                $scanner.Recommendations += $recommendations
                
                # 自动修复
                if ($AutoFix -and $recommendations.FixAvailable) {
                    $fixResult = Apply-SecurityFix `
                        -Dependency $dep.Name `
                        -Recommendation $recommendations
                    
                    if ($fixResult.Success) {
                        $scanner.Dependencies[$dep.Name].Status = "Fixed"
                    }
                }
            }
            
            # 更新依赖状态
            $scanner.Dependencies[$dep.Name].Status = "Secure"
        }
        
        # 生成报告
        if ($OutputPath) {
            $report = Generate-SecurityReport `
                -Scanner $scanner `
                -Thresholds $Thresholds
            
            $report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $OutputPath
        }
        
        # 更新扫描器状态
        $scanner.EndTime = Get-Date
        
        return $scanner
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "依赖扫描失败：$_"
        return $null
    }
}

漏洞检测

接下来，创建一个用于检测供应链漏洞的函数：

function Detect-SupplyChainVulnerabilities {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$ComponentID,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string[]]$VulnerabilityTypes,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [ValidateSet("Critical", "High", "Medium", "Low")]
        [string]$Severity = "High",
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$ScanConfig,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$ReportPath
    )
    
    try {
        $detector = [PSCustomObject]@{
            ComponentID = $ComponentID
            StartTime = Get-Date
            Vulnerabilities = @()
            Components = @{}
            RiskScore = 0
        }
        
        # 获取组件信息
        $component = Get-ComponentInfo -ComponentID $ComponentID
        
        # 扫描组件
        foreach ($type in $VulnerabilityTypes) {
            $scanResult = Scan-ComponentVulnerabilities `
                -Component $component `
                -Type $type `
                -Severity $Severity `
                -Config $ScanConfig
            
            if ($scanResult.Vulnerabilities.Count -gt 0) {
                $detector.Vulnerabilities += $scanResult.Vulnerabilities
                
                # 计算风险评分
                $riskScore = Calculate-RiskScore `
                    -Vulnerabilities $scanResult.Vulnerabilities
                
                $detector.RiskScore = [Math]::Max($detector.RiskScore, $riskScore)
                
                # 记录组件状态
                $detector.Components[$type] = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Status = "Vulnerable"
                    RiskScore = $riskScore
                    Vulnerabilities = $scanResult.Vulnerabilities
                    Recommendations = $scanResult.Recommendations
                }
            }
            else {
                $detector.Components[$type] = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Status = "Secure"
                    RiskScore = 0
                    Vulnerabilities = @()
                    Recommendations = @()
                }
            }
        }
        
        # 生成报告
        if ($ReportPath) {
            $report = Generate-VulnerabilityReport `
                -Detector $detector `
                -Component $component
            
            $report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath
        }
        
        # 更新检测器状态
        $detector.EndTime = Get-Date
        
        return $detector
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "漏洞检测失败：$_"
        return $null
    }
}

签名验证

最后，创建一个用于验证软件签名的函数：

function Verify-SoftwareSignature {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]$SoftwareID,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string[]]$VerificationTypes,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [ValidateSet("Strict", "Standard", "Basic")]
        [string]$VerificationLevel = "Standard",
        
        [Parameter()]
        [hashtable]$TrustedSigners,
        
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$LogPath
    )
    
    try {
        $verifier = [PSCustomObject]@{
            SoftwareID = $SoftwareID
            StartTime = Get-Date
            Signatures = @{}
            VerificationResults = @{}
            TrustStatus = "Unknown"
        }
        
        # 获取软件信息
        $software = Get-SoftwareInfo -SoftwareID $SoftwareID
        
        # 验证签名
        foreach ($type in $VerificationTypes) {
            $verification = [PSCustomObject]@{
                Type = $type
                Status = "Unknown"
                Signer = $null
                Timestamp = $null
                Certificate = $null
                TrustLevel = 0
            }
            
            # 获取签名信息
            $signature = Get-SoftwareSignature `
                -Software $software `
                -Type $type
            
            if ($signature) {
                $verification.Signer = $signature.Signer
                $verification.Timestamp = $signature.Timestamp
                $verification.Certificate = $signature.Certificate
                
                # 验证签名
                $verifyResult = Test-SignatureVerification `
                    -Signature $signature `
                    -Level $VerificationLevel `
                    -TrustedSigners $TrustedSigners
                
                $verification.Status = $verifyResult.Status
                $verification.TrustLevel = $verifyResult.TrustLevel
            }
            
            $verifier.Signatures[$type] = $signature
            $verifier.VerificationResults[$type] = $verification
        }
        
        # 确定整体信任状态
        $trustStatus = Determine-TrustStatus `
            -Results $verifier.VerificationResults
        
        $verifier.TrustStatus = $trustStatus
        
        # 记录验证结果
        if ($LogPath) {
            $verifier | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath
        }
        
        # 更新验证器状态
        $verifier.EndTime = Get-Date
        
        return $verifier
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "签名验证失败：$_"
        return $null
    }
}

使用示例

以下是如何使用这些函数来管理供应链安全的示例：

# 扫描软件依赖
$scanner = Scan-SoftwareDependencies -ProjectPath "C:\Projects\MyApp" `
    -ScanTypes @("NuGet", "NPM", "PyPI") `
    -OutputPath "C:\Reports\dependencies.json" `
    -Thresholds @{
        "SecurityScore" = @{
            Min = 80
            Max = 100
        }
        "Vulnerabilities" = @{
            Max = 0
        }
    } `
    -AutoFix

# 检测供应链漏洞
$detector = Detect-SupplyChainVulnerabilities -ComponentID "COMP001" `
    -VulnerabilityTypes @("Dependencies", "BuildTools", "Artifacts") `
    -Severity "High" `
    -ScanConfig @{
        "Dependencies" = @{
            "CheckUpdates" = $true
            "CheckVulnerabilities" = $true
        }
        "BuildTools" = @{
            "CheckVersions" = $true
            "CheckIntegrity" = $true
        }
        "Artifacts" = @{
            "CheckSignatures" = $true
            "CheckHashes" = $true
        }
    } `
    -ReportPath "C:\Reports\vulnerabilities.json"

# 验证软件签名
$verifier = Verify-SoftwareSignature -SoftwareID "SW001" `
    -VerificationTypes @("Code", "Package", "Artifact") `
    -VerificationLevel "Strict" `
    -TrustedSigners @{
        "Microsoft" = @{
            "CertificateThumbprint" = "1234567890ABCDEF"
            "TrustLevel" = "High"
        }
        "MyCompany" = @{
            "CertificateThumbprint" = "FEDCBA0987654321"
            "TrustLevel" = "Medium"
        }
    } `
    -LogPath "C:\Logs\signature_verification.json"

最佳实践

1. 定期扫描依赖
2. 检测供应链漏洞
3. 验证软件签名
4. 保持详细的运行记录
5. 定期进行安全评估
6. 实施安全策略
7. 建立应急响应机制
8. 保持系统文档更新