在物联网（IoT）时代，设备管理变得越来越重要。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell来管理和监控物联网设备，包括设备发现、状态监控、固件更新等功能。
设备发现与管理
首先，让我们创建一个用于发现和管理物联网设备的函数：
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| function Find-IoTDevices {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$NetworkRange,
[Parameter()]
[int]$Port = 1883,
[Parameter()]
[int]$TimeoutSeconds = 5
)
try {
$devices = @()
$ipRange = $NetworkRange -replace '\.\d+$', ''
Write-Host "正在扫描网络 $NetworkRange 中的物联网设备..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
for ($i = 1; $i -le 254; $i++) {
$ip = "$ipRange.$i"
$tcpClient = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient
try {
$result = $tcpClient.BeginConnect($ip, $Port, $null, $null)
$success = $result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne($TimeoutSeconds * 1000)
if ($success) {
$tcpClient.EndConnect($result)
$device = [PSCustomObject]@{
IPAddress = $ip
Port = $Port
Status = "Online"
DiscoveryTime = Get-Date
}
try {
$deviceInfo = Get-DeviceInfo -IPAddress $ip
$device | Add-Member -NotePropertyName "DeviceType" -NotePropertyValue $deviceInfo.Type
$device | Add-Member -NotePropertyName "FirmwareVersion" -NotePropertyValue $deviceInfo.FirmwareVersion
}
catch {
Write-Warning "无法获取设备 $ip 的详细信息：$_"
}
$devices += $device
Write-Host "发现设备：$ip" -ForegroundColor Green
}
}
catch {
Write-Debug "设备 $ip 未响应：$_"
}
finally {
$tcpClient.Close()
}
}
return $devices
}
catch {
Write-Error "设备扫描失败：$_"
return $null
}
}
function Get-DeviceInfo {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$IPAddress
)
try {
$deviceInfo = [PSCustomObject]@{
Type = "Unknown"
FirmwareVersion = "Unknown"
LastUpdate = Get-Date
}
return $deviceInfo
}
catch {
Write-Error "获取设备信息失败：$_"
throw
}
}
|
设备状态监控
接下来，创建一个用于监控物联网设备状态的函数：
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| function Monitor-IoTDevice {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$DeviceIP,
[Parameter()]
[string[]]$Metrics = @("CPU", "Memory", "Temperature", "Network"),
[Parameter()]
[int]$IntervalSeconds = 60,
[Parameter()]
[int]$DurationMinutes = 60,
[Parameter()]
[string]$LogPath
)
try {
$startTime = Get-Date
$endTime = $startTime.AddMinutes($DurationMinutes)
$metricsData = @()
Write-Host "开始监控设备 $DeviceIP..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
while ((Get-Date) -lt $endTime) {
$metricPoint = [PSCustomObject]@{
Timestamp = Get-Date
}
foreach ($metric in $Metrics) {
try {
switch ($metric) {
"CPU" {
$metricPoint.CPUUsage = Get-DeviceCPUUsage -IPAddress $DeviceIP
}
"Memory" {
$metricPoint.MemoryUsage = Get-DeviceMemoryUsage -IPAddress $DeviceIP
}
"Temperature" {
$metricPoint.Temperature = Get-DeviceTemperature -IPAddress $DeviceIP
}
"Network" {
$metricPoint.NetworkStats = Get-DeviceNetworkStats -IPAddress $DeviceIP
}
}
}
catch {
Write-Warning "获取指标 $metric 失败：$_"
}
}
$metricsData += $metricPoint
if ($LogPath) {
$metricPoint | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}
Start-Sleep -Seconds $IntervalSeconds
}
return $metricsData
}
catch {
Write-Error "设备监控失败：$_"
return $null
}
}
|
固件更新管理
最后，创建一个用于管理物联网设备固件更新的函数：
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| function Update-DeviceFirmware {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$DeviceIP,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$FirmwarePath,
[Parameter()]
[switch]$Force,
[Parameter()]
[int]$TimeoutMinutes = 30
)
try {
$deviceStatus = Get-DeviceStatus -IPAddress $DeviceIP
if (-not $deviceStatus.IsOnline) {
throw "设备 $DeviceIP 当前处于离线状态"
}
$currentVersion = Get-DeviceFirmwareVersion -IPAddress $DeviceIP
$newVersion = Get-FirmwareVersion -FirmwarePath $FirmwarePath
if (-not $Force -and $currentVersion -ge $newVersion) {
throw "当前固件版本 $currentVersion 已是最新版本"
}
Write-Host "开始更新设备 $DeviceIP 的固件..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
$backupPath = Backup-DeviceConfig -IPAddress $DeviceIP
$uploadResult = Upload-Firmware -IPAddress $DeviceIP -FirmwarePath $FirmwarePath
$startTime = Get-Date
$deviceOnline = $false
while ((Get-Date) -lt $startTime.AddMinutes($TimeoutMinutes)) {
if (Test-DeviceConnection -IPAddress $DeviceIP) {
$deviceOnline = $true
break
}
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
}
if (-not $deviceOnline) {
throw "设备在超时时间内未能重新上线"
}
$updateStatus = Test-FirmwareUpdate -IPAddress $DeviceIP -ExpectedVersion $newVersion
return [PSCustomObject]@{
DeviceIP = $DeviceIP
OldVersion = $currentVersion
NewVersion = $newVersion
UpdateTime = Get-Date
Status = "Success"
BackupPath = $backupPath
}
}
catch {
Write-Error "固件更新失败：$_"
return $null
}
}
|
使用示例
以下是如何使用这些函数来管理物联网设备的示例：
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|
$devices = Find-IoTDevices -NetworkRange "192.168.1.0/24" -Port 1883
$metrics = Monitor-IoTDevice -DeviceIP "192.168.1.100" `
-Metrics @("CPU", "Memory", "Temperature") `
-IntervalSeconds 30 `
-DurationMinutes 60 `
-LogPath "C:\Logs\device_metrics.json"
$updateResult = Update-DeviceFirmware -DeviceIP "192.168.1.100" `
-FirmwarePath "C:\Firmware\device_v2.0.bin" `
-Force
|
最佳实践
- 实现设备认证和加密通信
- 定期备份设备配置
- 实施固件更新前的兼容性检查
- 建立设备监控告警机制
- 记录详细的设备操作日志
- 实现设备分组管理
- 制定设备故障恢复计划
- 定期评估设备安全性
