PowerShell 技能连载 - 音频处理技巧

在 PowerShell 中处理音频文件可能不是最常见的任务,但在某些场景下非常有用。本文将介绍一些实用的音频处理技巧。

首先,让我们看看基本的音频操作:

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# 创建音频处理函数
function Get-AudioInfo {
param(
[string]$AudioPath
)

# 使用 NAudio 库获取音频信息
Add-Type -Path "NAudio.dll"
$reader = [NAudio.Wave.AudioFileReader]::new($AudioPath)

$info = [PSCustomObject]@{
FileName = Split-Path $AudioPath -Leaf
Duration = $reader.TotalTime
SampleRate = $reader.WaveFormat.SampleRate
Channels = $reader.WaveFormat.Channels
BitsPerSample = $reader.WaveFormat.BitsPerSample
FileSize = (Get-Item $AudioPath).Length
}

$reader.Dispose()
return $info
}

音频格式转换:

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# 创建音频格式转换函数
function Convert-AudioFormat {
param(
[string]$InputPath,
[string]$OutputPath,
[ValidateSet("mp3", "wav", "ogg", "aac")]
[string]$TargetFormat
)

try {
# 使用 FFmpeg 进行格式转换
$ffmpeg = "C:\ffmpeg\bin\ffmpeg.exe"

switch ($TargetFormat) {
"mp3" {
& $ffmpeg -i $InputPath -codec:a libmp3lame -q:a 2 $OutputPath
}
"wav" {
& $ffmpeg -i $InputPath -codec:a pcm_s16le $OutputPath
}
"ogg" {
& $ffmpeg -i $InputPath -codec:a libvorbis $OutputPath
}
"aac" {
& $ffmpeg -i $InputPath -codec:a aac -b:a 192k $OutputPath
}
}

Write-Host "音频转换完成:$OutputPath"
}
catch {
Write-Host "转换失败:$_"
}
}

音频剪辑:

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# 创建音频剪辑函数
function Split-AudioFile {
param(
[string]$InputPath,
[TimeSpan]$StartTime,
[TimeSpan]$Duration,
[string]$OutputPath
)

try {
$ffmpeg = "C:\ffmpeg\bin\ffmpeg.exe"
$start = $StartTime.ToString("hh\:mm\:ss")
$duration = $Duration.ToString("hh\:mm\:ss")

& $ffmpeg -i $InputPath -ss $start -t $duration -acodec copy $OutputPath
Write-Host "音频剪辑完成:$OutputPath"
}
catch {
Write-Host "剪辑失败:$_"
}
}

音频合并:

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# 创建音频合并函数
function Merge-AudioFiles {
param(
[string[]]$InputFiles,
[string]$OutputPath
)

try {
# 创建临时文件列表
$tempFile = "temp_list.txt"
$InputFiles | ForEach-Object {
"file '$_'" | Add-Content $tempFile
}

# 使用 FFmpeg 合并文件
$ffmpeg = "C:\ffmpeg\bin\ffmpeg.exe"
& $ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i $tempFile -c copy $OutputPath

# 清理临时文件
Remove-Item $tempFile

Write-Host "音频合并完成:$OutputPath"
}
catch {
Write-Host "合并失败:$_"
}
}

一些实用的音频处理技巧:

  1. 音频批量处理:

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    # 批量处理音频文件
    function Process-AudioBatch {
    param(
    [string]$InputFolder,
    [string]$OutputFolder,
    [scriptblock]$ProcessScript
    )

    # 创建输出目录
    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $OutputFolder -Force

    # 获取所有音频文件
    $audioFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $InputFolder -Include *.mp3,*.wav,*.ogg,*.aac -Recurse

    foreach ($file in $audioFiles) {
    $outputPath = Join-Path $OutputFolder $file.Name
    & $ProcessScript -InputPath $file.FullName -OutputPath $outputPath
    }
    }
  2. 音频效果处理:

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    # 应用音频效果
    function Apply-AudioEffect {
    param(
    [string]$InputPath,
    [string]$OutputPath,
    [ValidateSet("normalize", "fade", "echo", "reverb")]
    [string]$Effect,
    [hashtable]$Parameters
    )

    try {
    $ffmpeg = "C:\ffmpeg\bin\ffmpeg.exe"
    $filter = switch ($Effect) {
    "normalize" { "loudnorm" }
    "fade" { "afade=t=in:st=0:d=$($Parameters.Duration)" }
    "echo" { "aecho=0.8:0.88:60:0.4" }
    "reverb" { "aecho=0.8:0.9:1000:0.3" }
    }

    & $ffmpeg -i $InputPath -af $filter $OutputPath
    Write-Host "已应用效果:$Effect"
    }
    catch {
    Write-Host "效果处理失败:$_"
    }
    }
  3. 音频分析:

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    # 分析音频波形
    function Analyze-AudioWaveform {
    param(
    [string]$AudioPath,
    [int]$SamplePoints = 100
    )

    Add-Type -Path "NAudio.dll"
    $reader = [NAudio.Wave.AudioFileReader]::new($AudioPath)

    # 读取音频数据
    $buffer = New-Object float[] $SamplePoints
    $reader.Read($buffer, 0, $SamplePoints)

    # 计算波形数据
    $waveform = @()
    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $SamplePoints; $i += 2) {
    $waveform += [PSCustomObject]@{
    Time = $i / $reader.WaveFormat.SampleRate
    Left = $buffer[$i]
    Right = $buffer[$i + 1]
    }
    }

    $reader.Dispose()
    return $waveform
    }

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地处理音频文件。记住,在处理音频时,始终要注意文件格式的兼容性和音频质量。同时,建议在处理大型音频文件时使用流式处理方式,以提高性能。

PowerShell 技能连载 - Pester 测试技巧

在 PowerShell 中使用 Pester 进行测试是一项重要任务,本文将介绍一些实用的 Pester 测试技巧。

首先,让我们看看基本的 Pester 测试操作:

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# 创建 Pester 测试函数
function New-PesterTest {
param(
[string]$TestName,
[string]$TestPath,
[string]$ModuleName,
[string[]]$Functions
)

try {
# 创建测试文件
$testContent = @"
Describe '$ModuleName' {
BeforeAll {
Import-Module $ModuleName
}

Context '基本功能测试' {
BeforeEach {
# 测试前的准备工作
}

AfterEach {
# 测试后的清理工作
}

It '应该成功导入模块' {
Get-Module -Name $ModuleName | Should -Not -BeNullOrEmpty
}

It '应该包含所有必需的函数' {
$module = Get-Module -Name $ModuleName
foreach ($function in $Functions) {
$module.ExportedFunctions.Keys | Should -Contain $function
}
}
}
}
"@

$testContent | Out-File -FilePath $TestPath -Encoding UTF8
Write-Host "测试文件 $TestPath 创建成功"
}
catch {
Write-Host "创建测试文件失败:$_"
}
}

Pester 模拟测试:

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# 创建 Pester 模拟测试函数
function New-PesterMockTest {
param(
[string]$TestName,
[string]$TestPath,
[string]$FunctionName,
[hashtable]$MockData
)

try {
$testContent = @"
Describe '$FunctionName 模拟测试' {
BeforeAll {
Import-Module $ModuleName
}

Context '模拟外部依赖' {
BeforeEach {
Mock Get-Process {
return @(
@{
Name = 'Process1'
Id = 1001
CPU = 10
},
@{
Name = 'Process2'
Id = 1002
CPU = 20
}
)
}

Mock Get-Service {
return @(
@{
Name = 'Service1'
Status = 'Running'
},
@{
Name = 'Service2'
Status = 'Stopped'
}
)
}
}

It '应该正确模拟进程数据' {
$result = Get-Process
$result.Count | Should -Be 2
$result[0].Name | Should -Be 'Process1'
$result[1].Name | Should -Be 'Process2'
}

It '应该正确模拟服务数据' {
$result = Get-Service
$result.Count | Should -Be 2
$result[0].Status | Should -Be 'Running'
$result[1].Status | Should -Be 'Stopped'
}
}
}
"@

$testContent | Out-File -FilePath $TestPath -Encoding UTF8
Write-Host "模拟测试文件 $TestPath 创建成功"
}
catch {
Write-Host "创建模拟测试文件失败:$_"
}
}

Pester 参数测试:

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# 创建 Pester 参数测试函数
function New-PesterParameterTest {
param(
[string]$TestName,
[string]$TestPath,
[string]$FunctionName,
[hashtable]$Parameters
)

try {
$testContent = @"
Describe '$FunctionName 参数测试' {
BeforeAll {
Import-Module $ModuleName
}

Context '参数验证' {
It '应该验证必需参数' {
{ & $FunctionName } | Should -Throw
}

It '应该验证参数类型' {
{ & $FunctionName -Name 123 } | Should -Throw
}

It '应该验证参数范围' {
{ & $FunctionName -Count -1 } | Should -Throw
}

It '应该验证参数格式' {
{ & $FunctionName -Email 'invalid-email' } | Should -Throw
}
}

Context '参数组合' {
It '应该处理有效的参数组合' {
$result = & $FunctionName -Name 'Test' -Count 5
$result | Should -Not -BeNullOrEmpty
}

It '应该处理边界条件' {
$result = & $FunctionName -Name 'Test' -Count 0
$result | Should -BeNullOrEmpty
}
}
}
"@

$testContent | Out-File -FilePath $TestPath -Encoding UTF8
Write-Host "参数测试文件 $TestPath 创建成功"
}
catch {
Write-Host "创建参数测试文件失败:$_"
}
}

Pester 性能测试:

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# 创建 Pester 性能测试函数
function New-PesterPerformanceTest {
param(
[string]$TestName,
[string]$TestPath,
[string]$FunctionName,
[int]$Iterations = 1000,
[int]$Timeout = 30
)

try {
$testContent = @"
Describe '$FunctionName 性能测试' {
BeforeAll {
Import-Module $ModuleName
}

Context '执行时间测试' {
It '应该在指定时间内完成' {
$measurement = Measure-Command {
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Iterations; $i++) {
& $FunctionName
}
}

$measurement.TotalSeconds | Should -BeLessThan $Timeout
}

It '应该保持稳定的执行时间' {
$times = @()
for ($i = 0; $i -lt 10; $i++) {
$measurement = Measure-Command {
& $FunctionName
}
$times += $measurement.TotalMilliseconds
}

$average = ($times | Measure-Object -Average).Average
$standardDeviation = [math]::Sqrt(($times | ForEach-Object { [math]::Pow($_ - $average, 2) } | Measure-Object -Average).Average)

$standardDeviation | Should -BeLessThan ($average * 0.1)
}
}

Context '资源使用测试' {
It '应该控制内存使用' {
$before = (Get-Process -Id $PID).WorkingSet64
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Iterations; $i++) {
& $FunctionName
}
$after = (Get-Process -Id $PID).WorkingSet64

($after - $before) / 1MB | Should -BeLessThan 100
}
}
}
"@

$testContent | Out-File -FilePath $TestPath -Encoding UTF8
Write-Host "性能测试文件 $TestPath 创建成功"
}
catch {
Write-Host "创建性能测试文件失败:$_"
}
}

Pester 测试报告:

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# 创建 Pester 测试报告函数
function New-PesterTestReport {
param(
[string]$TestPath,
[string]$ReportPath,
[string]$Format = 'HTML'
)

try {
$testResults = Invoke-Pester -Path $TestPath -PassThru

switch ($Format) {
'HTML' {
$testResults | ConvertTo-Html -Title "Pester 测试报告" | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath -Encoding UTF8
}
'XML' {
$testResults | ConvertTo-Xml | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath -Encoding UTF8
}
'JSON' {
$testResults | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath -Encoding UTF8
}
}

return [PSCustomObject]@{
TotalTests = $testResults.TotalCount
PassedTests = $testResults.PassedCount
FailedTests = $testResults.FailedCount
SkippedTests = $testResults.SkippedCount
ReportPath = $ReportPath
}
}
catch {
Write-Host "生成测试报告失败:$_"
}
}

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地使用 Pester 进行测试。记住,在编写测试时,始终要注意测试覆盖率和可维护性。同时,建议使用适当的测试数据和模拟来确保测试的可靠性。

PowerShell 技能连载 - 基于ATT&CK框架的进程行为分析

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function Invoke-ProcessBehaviorAnalysis {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
[string]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
)

$techniques = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri 'https://attack.mitre.org/api/techniques/'
$processes = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Process -ComputerName $ComputerName

$report = [PSCustomObject]@{
Timestamp = Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'
SuspiciousProcesses = @()
MITRETechniques = @()
}

$processes | ForEach-Object {
$behaviorScore = 0
$matchedTechs = @()

# 检测隐藏进程
if ($_.ParentProcessId -ne 1 -and -not (Get-Process -Id $_.ParentProcessId -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
$behaviorScore += 20
$matchedTechs += 'T1055' # Process Injection
}

# 检测异常内存操作
if ($_.WorkingSetSize -gt 1GB) {
$behaviorScore += 15
$matchedTechs += 'T1056' # Memory Allocation
}

if ($behaviorScore -gt 25) {
$report.SuspiciousProcesses += [PSCustomObject]@{
ProcessName = $_.Name
ProcessId = $_.ProcessId
Score = $behaviorScore
CommandLine = $_.CommandLine
}
$report.MITRETechniques += $matchedTechs | Select-Object @{n='TechniqueID';e={$_}}, @{n='Description';e={$techniques.techniques.Where{$_.id -eq $_}.name}}
}
}

$report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 3 | Out-File "$env:TEMP/ProcessAnalysis_$(Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd).json"
return $report
}

核心功能

  1. ATT&CK技术特征匹配
  2. 进程行为异常评分
  3. 自动化威胁检测
  4. JSON报告生成

典型应用场景

  • 企业终端安全监控
  • 红队攻击痕迹分析
  • 蓝队防御策略验证
  • 安全事件快速响应

PowerShell模块化开发实践指南

模块创建流程

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# 新建模块文件
New-ModuleManifest -Path MyModule.psd1

# 导出模块函数
Export-ModuleMember -Function Get-SystemInfo

模块要素对比

组件 作用 存储位置
.psm1文件 模块主体代码 模块目录
.psd1清单 元数据与依赖管理 模块目录
格式化文件 自定义对象显示规则 Format目录

典型应用场景

  1. 通过NestedModules组织复杂模块结构
  2. 使用RequiredModules声明模块依赖
  3. 通过FileList控制模块文件发布范围
  4. 利用ScriptsToProcess实现预加载脚本

常见错误解析

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# 未导出函数导致的访问错误
function Get-Data {}
Import-Module ./MyModule
Get-Data # 命令不存在

# 正确的模块成员导出
Export-ModuleMember -Function Get-Data

PowerShell 技能连载 - 数据库操作技巧

在 PowerShell 中处理数据库操作是一项常见任务,特别是在数据管理和自动化过程中。本文将介绍一些实用的数据库操作技巧。

首先,我们需要安装必要的模块:

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# 安装数据库操作模块
Install-Module -Name SqlServer -Force

连接数据库并执行查询:

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# 设置数据库连接参数
$server = "localhost"
$database = "TestDB"
$query = @"
SELECT
员工ID,
姓名,
部门,
职位,
入职日期
FROM 员工信息
WHERE 部门 = '技术部'
ORDER BY 入职日期 DESC
"@

# 执行查询
$results = Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $server -Database $database -Query $query

# 显示结果
Write-Host "技术部员工列表:"
$results | Format-Table

执行参数化查询:

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# 创建参数化查询
$query = @"
SELECT
订单号,
客户名称,
订单金额,
下单日期
FROM 订单信息
WHERE 下单日期 BETWEEN @开始日期 AND @结束日期
AND 订单金额 > @最小金额
"@

# 设置参数
$params = @{
开始日期 = "2024-01-01"
结束日期 = "2024-03-31"
最小金额 = 10000
}

# 执行参数化查询
$results = Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $server -Database $database -Query $query -Parameters $params

执行事务操作:

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# 开始事务
$connection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
$connection.ConnectionString = "Server=$server;Database=$database;Integrated Security=True"
$connection.Open()
$transaction = $connection.BeginTransaction()

try {
# 执行多个操作
$query1 = "UPDATE 库存 SET 数量 = 数量 - 1 WHERE 产品ID = 1"
$query2 = "INSERT INTO 订单明细 (订单号, 产品ID, 数量) VALUES ('ORD001', 1, 1)"

Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $server -Database $database -Query $query1 -Transaction $transaction
Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $server -Database $database -Query $query2 -Transaction $transaction

# 提交事务
$transaction.Commit()
Write-Host "事务执行成功"
}
catch {
# 回滚事务
$transaction.Rollback()
Write-Host "事务执行失败:$_"
}
finally {
$connection.Close()
}

批量数据导入:

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# 准备批量数据
$data = @(
@{
产品名称 = "笔记本电脑"
价格 = 5999
库存 = 10
},
@{
产品名称 = "无线鼠标"
价格 = 199
库存 = 50
}
)

# 创建数据表
$table = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
$table.Columns.Add("产品名称")
$table.Columns.Add("价格")
$table.Columns.Add("库存")

# 添加数据
foreach ($item in $data) {
$row = $table.NewRow()
$row["产品名称"] = $item.产品名称
$row["价格"] = $item.价格
$row["库存"] = $item.库存
$table.Rows.Add($row)
}

# 批量导入数据
Write-SqlTableData -ServerInstance $server -Database $database -TableName "产品信息" -InputData $table

一些实用的数据库操作技巧:

  1. 数据库备份:

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    # 创建数据库备份
    $backupPath = "C:\Backups\TestDB_$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').bak"
    $backupQuery = @"
    BACKUP DATABASE TestDB
    TO DISK = '$backupPath'
    WITH FORMAT, MEDIANAME = 'TestDBBackup', NAME = 'TestDB-Full Database Backup'
    "@

    Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $server -Query $backupQuery
  2. 数据库还原:

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    # 还原数据库
    $restoreQuery = @"
    RESTORE DATABASE TestDB
    FROM DISK = '$backupPath'
    WITH REPLACE
    "@

    Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $server -Query $restoreQuery
  3. 数据库维护:

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    # 更新统计信息
    $updateStatsQuery = @"
    UPDATE STATISTICS 员工信息 WITH FULLSCAN
    UPDATE STATISTICS 订单信息 WITH FULLSCAN
    "@

    Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $server -Database $database -Query $updateStatsQuery

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地处理数据库操作。记住,在执行数据库操作时,始终要注意数据安全性和性能影响。同时,建议使用参数化查询来防止 SQL 注入攻击。

PowerShell 技能连载 - IoT边缘设备监控

在工业物联网场景中,边缘设备监控至关重要。以下脚本实现设备状态采集与异常预警:

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function Get-IoTDeviceStatus {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string[]]$DeviceIPs,

[ValidateRange(1,100)]
[int]$SamplingInterval = 30
)

$report = [PSCustomObject]@{
Timestamp = Get-Date
OnlineDevices = @()
OfflineDevices = @()
HighTempDevices = @()
LowBatteryDevices = @()
}

try {
# 设备状态轮询
$DeviceIPs | ForEach-Object -Parallel {
$response = Test-NetConnection -ComputerName $_ -Port 502 -InformationLevel Quiet
$telemetry = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "http://$_/metrics" -TimeoutSec 3

[PSCustomObject]@{
IP = $_
Online = $response
Temperature = $telemetry.temp
BatteryLevel = $telemetry.battery
LastSeen = Get-Date
}
} -ThrottleLimit 10

# 数据分析
$results | ForEach-Object {
if(-not $_.Online) {
$report.OfflineDevices += $_.IP
continue
}

$report.OnlineDevices += $_.IP

if($_.Temperature -gt 85) {
$report.HighTempDevices += $_.IP
}

if($_.BatteryLevel -lt 20) {
$report.LowBatteryDevices += $_.IP
}
}

# 触发预警
if($report.HighTempDevices.Count -gt 0) {
Send-Notification -Type "HighTemp" -Devices $report.HighTempDevices
}

if($report.LowBatteryDevices.Count -gt 0) {
Send-Notification -Type "LowBattery" -Devices $report.LowBatteryDevices
}
}
catch {
Write-Warning "设备监控异常: $_"
}

return $report
}

实现原理:

  1. 使用并行处理加速多设备状态采集
  2. 通过Test-NetConnection验证设备在线状态
  3. 调用REST API获取设备遥测数据
  4. 设置温度(85°C)和电量(20%)双重预警阈值
  5. 自动触发邮件/短信通知机制

使用示例:

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$devices = '192.168.1.100','192.168.1.101','192.168.1.102'
Get-IoTDeviceStatus -DeviceIPs $devices -SamplingInterval 60

最佳实践:

  1. 与TSDB时序数据库集成存储历史数据
  2. 配置指数退避策略应对网络波动
  3. 添加设备白名单安全机制
  4. 实现预警静默时段功能

注意事项:
• 需要设备开放502端口和/metrics端点
• 建议使用硬件加密模块保护通信安全
• 监控间隔不宜小于30秒

PowerShell 技能连载 - 智能农业管理系统

在智能农业领域,系统化管理对于提高农作物产量和资源利用效率至关重要。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell构建一个智能农业管理系统,包括环境监控、灌溉控制、病虫害防治等功能。

环境监控

首先,让我们创建一个用于监控农业环境的函数:

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function Monitor-AgricultureEnvironment {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$FieldID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$Zones,

[Parameter()]
[int]$SamplingInterval = 300,

[Parameter()]
[string]$DataPath,

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$Thresholds
)

try {
$monitor = [PSCustomObject]@{
FieldID = $FieldID
StartTime = Get-Date
Zones = @{}
Alerts = @()
Statistics = @{}
}

while ($true) {
$sampleTime = Get-Date

foreach ($zone in $Zones) {
$zoneData = [PSCustomObject]@{
ZoneID = $zone
SampleTime = $sampleTime
Temperature = 0
Humidity = 0
SoilMoisture = 0
LightIntensity = 0
CO2Level = 0
Status = "Normal"
Alerts = @()
}

# 获取环境传感器数据
$sensors = Get-EnvironmentSensors -FieldID $FieldID -Zone $zone
foreach ($sensor in $sensors) {
$zoneData.$($sensor.Type) = $sensor.Value
}

# 检查阈值
if ($Thresholds) {
# 检查温度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("Temperature")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.Temperature
if ($zoneData.Temperature -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "HighTemperature"
Value = $zoneData.Temperature
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
if ($zoneData.Temperature -lt $threshold.Min) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "LowTemperature"
Value = $zoneData.Temperature
Threshold = $threshold.Min
}
}
}

# 检查湿度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("Humidity")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.Humidity
if ($zoneData.Humidity -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "HighHumidity"
Value = $zoneData.Humidity
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
if ($zoneData.Humidity -lt $threshold.Min) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "LowHumidity"
Value = $zoneData.Humidity
Threshold = $threshold.Min
}
}
}

# 检查土壤湿度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("SoilMoisture")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.SoilMoisture
if ($zoneData.SoilMoisture -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "HighSoilMoisture"
Value = $zoneData.SoilMoisture
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
if ($zoneData.SoilMoisture -lt $threshold.Min) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "LowSoilMoisture"
Value = $zoneData.SoilMoisture
Threshold = $threshold.Min
}
}
}

# 检查光照强度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("LightIntensity")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.LightIntensity
if ($zoneData.LightIntensity -lt $threshold.Min) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "LowLight"
Value = $zoneData.LightIntensity
Threshold = $threshold.Min
}
}
}

# 检查CO2浓度
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("CO2Level")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.CO2Level
if ($zoneData.CO2Level -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $sampleTime
Type = "HighCO2"
Value = $zoneData.CO2Level
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
}
}

$monitor.Zones[$zone] = $zoneData

# 处理告警
foreach ($alert in $zoneData.Alerts) {
$monitor.Alerts += $alert

# 记录数据
if ($DataPath) {
$zoneData | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $DataPath -Append
}

# 发送告警通知
Send-EnvironmentAlert -Alert $alert
}

# 更新统计信息
if (-not $monitor.Statistics.ContainsKey($zone)) {
$monitor.Statistics[$zone] = [PSCustomObject]@{
TemperatureHistory = @()
HumidityHistory = @()
SoilMoistureHistory = @()
LightHistory = @()
CO2History = @()
}
}

$stats = $monitor.Statistics[$zone]
$stats.TemperatureHistory += $zoneData.Temperature
$stats.HumidityHistory += $zoneData.Humidity
$stats.SoilMoistureHistory += $zoneData.SoilMoisture
$stats.LightHistory += $zoneData.LightIntensity
$stats.CO2History += $zoneData.CO2Level

# 保持历史数据在合理范围内
$maxHistoryLength = 1000
if ($stats.TemperatureHistory.Count -gt $maxHistoryLength) {
$stats.TemperatureHistory = $stats.TemperatureHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
$stats.HumidityHistory = $stats.HumidityHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
$stats.SoilMoistureHistory = $stats.SoilMoistureHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
$stats.LightHistory = $stats.LightHistory | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
$stats.CO2History = $stats.CO2History | Select-Object -Last $maxHistoryLength
}
}

Start-Sleep -Seconds $SamplingInterval
}

return $monitor
}
catch {
Write-Error "环境监控失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

灌溉控制

接下来,创建一个用于控制灌溉系统的函数:

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function Manage-IrrigationSystem {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$FieldID,

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$Schedule,

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$SoilData,

[Parameter()]
[switch]$AutoAdjust,

[Parameter()]
[string]$WeatherForecast,

[Parameter()]
[string]$LogPath
)

try {
$controller = [PSCustomObject]@{
FieldID = $FieldID
StartTime = Get-Date
Zones = @{}
Status = "Normal"
Actions = @()
}

# 获取灌溉系统状态
$irrigationZones = Get-IrrigationZones -FieldID $FieldID
foreach ($zone in $irrigationZones) {
$controller.Zones[$zone.ID] = [PSCustomObject]@{
ZoneID = $zone.ID
CurrentState = $zone.State
WaterFlow = $zone.WaterFlow
Duration = $zone.Duration
NextSchedule = $zone.NextSchedule
Status = "Active"
}
}

# 处理天气预测
if ($WeatherForecast) {
$forecast = Get-WeatherForecast -Location $FieldID -Days 3
if ($forecast.RainProbability -gt 0.7) {
$controller.Status = "WeatherAdjusted"
foreach ($zone in $controller.Zones.Values) {
if ($zone.NextSchedule -lt (Get-Date).AddHours(24)) {
$action = Adjust-IrrigationSchedule `
-ZoneID $zone.ZoneID `
-DelayHours 24 `
-Reason "High Rain Probability"
$controller.Actions += $action

# 记录调整
if ($LogPath) {
$adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "ScheduleAdjustment"
ZoneID = $zone.ZoneID
Action = $action
Reason = "High Rain Probability"
}
$adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}
}
}
}
}

# 自适应控制
if ($AutoAdjust -and $SoilData) {
foreach ($zone in $controller.Zones.Values) {
$zoneSoilData = $SoilData[$zone.ZoneID]
if ($zoneSoilData) {
# 计算最优灌溉量
$optimalIrrigation = Calculate-OptimalIrrigation -SoilData $zoneSoilData

# 更新灌溉计划
if ($optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow -ne $zone.WaterFlow) {
$action = Update-IrrigationPlan `
-ZoneID $zone.ZoneID `
-WaterFlow $optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow `
-Duration $optimalIrrigation.Duration `
-Reason "Soil Moisture Based"
$controller.Actions += $action

# 记录调整
if ($LogPath) {
$adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "IrrigationAdjustment"
ZoneID = $zone.ZoneID
OldFlow = $zone.WaterFlow
NewFlow = $optimalIrrigation.WaterFlow
Duration = $optimalIrrigation.Duration
Reason = "Soil Moisture Based"
}
$adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}
}
}
}
}

# 应用固定计划
elseif ($Schedule) {
foreach ($zoneID in $Schedule.Keys) {
$zoneSchedule = $Schedule[$zoneID]
if ($controller.Zones.ContainsKey($zoneID)) {
$zone = $controller.Zones[$zoneID]

# 更新灌溉计划
if ($zoneSchedule.WaterFlow -ne $zone.WaterFlow) {
$action = Update-IrrigationPlan `
-ZoneID $zoneID `
-WaterFlow $zoneSchedule.WaterFlow `
-Duration $zoneSchedule.Duration `
-Reason "Fixed Schedule"
$controller.Actions += $action

# 记录调整
if ($LogPath) {
$adjustmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "IrrigationAdjustment"
ZoneID = $zoneID
OldFlow = $zone.WaterFlow
NewFlow = $zoneSchedule.WaterFlow
Duration = $zoneSchedule.Duration
Reason = "Fixed Schedule"
}
$adjustmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}
}
}
}
}

# 更新控制器状态
$controller.EndTime = Get-Date

return $controller
}
catch {
Write-Error "灌溉控制失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

病虫害防治

最后,创建一个用于防治病虫害的函数:

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function Manage-PestControl {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$FieldID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$Zones,

[Parameter()]
[string]$CropType,

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$Thresholds,

[Parameter()]
[string]$TreatmentMethod,

[Parameter()]
[string]$LogPath
)

try {
$manager = [PSCustomObject]@{
FieldID = $FieldID
StartTime = Get-Date
Zones = @{}
Alerts = @()
Treatments = @()
}

foreach ($zone in $Zones) {
$zoneData = [PSCustomObject]@{
ZoneID = $zone
CropType = $CropType
PestLevel = 0
DiseaseLevel = 0
Status = "Normal"
Alerts = @()
TreatmentHistory = @()
}

# 获取病虫害数据
$pestData = Get-PestData -FieldID $FieldID -Zone $zone
$zoneData.PestLevel = $pestData.PestLevel
$zoneData.DiseaseLevel = $pestData.DiseaseLevel

# 检查阈值
if ($Thresholds) {
# 检查害虫水平
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("PestLevel")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.PestLevel
if ($zoneData.PestLevel -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "HighPestLevel"
Value = $zoneData.PestLevel
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
}

# 检查病害水平
if ($Thresholds.ContainsKey("DiseaseLevel")) {
$threshold = $Thresholds.DiseaseLevel
if ($zoneData.DiseaseLevel -gt $threshold.Max) {
$zoneData.Status = "Warning"
$zoneData.Alerts += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "HighDiseaseLevel"
Value = $zoneData.DiseaseLevel
Threshold = $threshold.Max
}
}
}
}

$manager.Zones[$zone] = $zoneData

# 处理告警
foreach ($alert in $zoneData.Alerts) {
$manager.Alerts += $alert

# 记录告警
if ($LogPath) {
$alert | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}

# 发送告警通知
Send-PestAlert -Alert $alert

# 执行防治措施
if ($TreatmentMethod) {
$treatment = Start-PestTreatment `
-ZoneID $zone `
-CropType $CropType `
-Method $TreatmentMethod `
-Level $alert.Value

$zoneData.TreatmentHistory += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Method = $TreatmentMethod
Level = $alert.Value
Result = $treatment.Result
}

$manager.Treatments += $treatment

# 记录防治措施
if ($LogPath) {
$treatmentLog = [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = Get-Date
Type = "Treatment"
ZoneID = $zone
Method = $TreatmentMethod
Level = $alert.Value
Result = $treatment.Result
}
$treatmentLog | ConvertTo-Json | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath -Append
}
}
}
}

# 更新管理器状态
$manager.EndTime = Get-Date

return $manager
}
catch {
Write-Error "病虫害防治失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

使用示例

以下是如何使用这些函数来管理智能农业的示例:

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# 配置环境监控
$monitorConfig = @{
FieldID = "FLD001"
Zones = @("Zone1", "Zone2", "Zone3")
SamplingInterval = 300
DataPath = "C:\Data\environment_monitor.json"
Thresholds = @{
"Temperature" = @{
Min = 15
Max = 30
}
"Humidity" = @{
Min = 40
Max = 80
}
"SoilMoisture" = @{
Min = 20
Max = 60
}
"LightIntensity" = @{
Min = 1000
}
"CO2Level" = @{
Max = 1000
}
}
}

# 启动环境监控
$monitor = Start-Job -ScriptBlock {
param($config)
Monitor-AgricultureEnvironment -FieldID $config.FieldID `
-Zones $config.Zones `
-SamplingInterval $config.SamplingInterval `
-DataPath $config.DataPath `
-Thresholds $config.Thresholds
} -ArgumentList $monitorConfig

# 配置灌溉系统
$irrigationConfig = @{
FieldID = "FLD001"
Schedule = @{
"Zone1" = @{
WaterFlow = 2.5
Duration = 30
}
"Zone2" = @{
WaterFlow = 2.0
Duration = 25
}
"Zone3" = @{
WaterFlow = 2.8
Duration = 35
}
}
AutoAdjust = $true
LogPath = "C:\Logs\irrigation_control.json"
}

# 管理灌溉系统
$controller = Manage-IrrigationSystem -FieldID $irrigationConfig.FieldID `
-Schedule $irrigationConfig.Schedule `
-AutoAdjust:$irrigationConfig.AutoAdjust `
-LogPath $irrigationConfig.LogPath

# 配置病虫害防治
$pestConfig = @{
FieldID = "FLD001"
Zones = @("Zone1", "Zone2", "Zone3")
CropType = "Tomato"
Thresholds = @{
"PestLevel" = @{
Max = 0.7
}
"DiseaseLevel" = @{
Max = 0.5
}
}
TreatmentMethod = "Biological"
LogPath = "C:\Logs\pest_control.json"
}

# 管理病虫害防治
$manager = Manage-PestControl -FieldID $pestConfig.FieldID `
-Zones $pestConfig.Zones `
-CropType $pestConfig.CropType `
-Thresholds $pestConfig.Thresholds `
-TreatmentMethod $pestConfig.TreatmentMethod `
-LogPath $pestConfig.LogPath

最佳实践

  1. 实施实时环境监控
  2. 优化灌溉方案
  3. 建立病虫害预警机制
  4. 保持详细的运行记录
  5. 定期进行系统评估
  6. 实施防治措施
  7. 建立数据分析体系
  8. 保持系统文档更新

PowerShell并行处理核心原理

RunspacePool基础架构

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$pool = [RunspaceFactory]::CreateRunspacePool(1, 5)
$pool.Open()

$tasks = 1..10 | ForEach-Object {
$ps = [PowerShell]::Create().AddScript({
param($i)
Start-Sleep (Get-Random -Max 3)
"任务$_完成于$(Get-Date)"
}).AddArgument($_)

$ps.RunspacePool = $pool
@{ Pipe=$ps; Async=$ps.BeginInvoke() }
}

$results = $tasks | ForEach-Object {
$_.Pipe.EndInvoke($_.Async)
$_.Pipe.Dispose()
}

$pool.Close()
$results

负载均衡策略

  1. 动态调整运行空间数量
  2. 任务队列优先级划分
  3. 异常任务自动重启
  4. 内存占用监控机制

性能优化技巧

  • 避免共享变量使用同步锁
  • 采用批处理模式减少上下文切换
  • 合理设置初始/最大运行空间数
  • 使用ThrottleLimit参数控制并发量

PowerShell 技能连载 - PowerShell 过滤器:使用 Where-Object 和 Select-Object

概述:Where-object 和 Select-object

在学习如何使用 Where-Object 和 Select-Object 命令之前,理解前几节讨论的概念是至关重要的。首先,PowerShell 是一种面向对象的编程语言。几乎每个命令都会返回一个具有多个特征的对象,这些特征可以独立检查和过滤。

例如,Get-Process 命令将返回有关当前运行中的 Windows 进程的各种信息,如启动时间和当前内存使用情况。每个信息都保存为 Process 对象的属性。通过管道字符 | ,PowerShell 命令也可以链接在一起。当您这样做时,在管道左侧命令的结果将发送到右侧命令中。如果您将 Get-Process 管道到 Stop-Process(即 Get-Process | Stop-Process),则由 Get-Process 命令识别出来的进程将被停止。如果没有设置筛选条件,则此操作会尝试停止系统上所有正在运行中的进程。

Where-object:语法、工作原理和示例

Where-object 命令可用于根据它们拥有任何属性来过滤对象。

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PS C:\Users\dhrub> get-command Where-Object -Syntax

Where-Object [-Property] <string> [[-Value] <Object>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-EQ] [<CommonParameters>]

Where-Object [-FilterScript] <scriptblock> [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

Where-Object [-Property] <string> [[-Value] <Object>] -Match [-InputObject <psobject>] [<CommonParameters>]

最常用的语法是:

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Where-Object {$_.PropertyName -ComparisonType FilterValue}

“PropertyName”属性是您正在过滤其属性的对象的名称。ComparisonType是描述您执行比较类型的简短关键字。“eq”代表等于,“gt”代表大于,“lt”代表小于,“like”代表通配符搜索。最后,FilterValue是与对象属性进行比较的值。Get-Process命令示例如下所示,并附有输出。

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PS C:\Users\dhrub> get-process| Where-Object {$_.processname -eq "armsvc"}

Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName
------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------
124 8 1588 2800 4956 0 armsvc

Select-object: 语法、工作原理和示例

Select-Object 命令是另一个需要熟悉的命令。该命令用于限制或修改其他命令的输出。它有许多应用程序,但其中最常见的一种是选择另一个命令的前 N 个结果。

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PS C:\Users\dhrub> Get-Command Select-Object -Syntax

Select-Object [[-Property] <Object[]>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-ExcludeProperty <string[]>] [-ExpandProperty <string>] [-Unique] [-Last <int>] [-First <int>] [-Skip <int>] [-Wait]
[<CommonParameters>]

Select-Object [[-Property] <Object[]>] [-InputObject <psobject>] [-ExcludeProperty <string[]>] [-ExpandProperty <string>] [-Unique] [-SkipLast <int>] [<CommonParameters>]

Select-Object [-InputObject <psobject>] [-Unique] [-Wait] [-Index <int[]>] [<CommonParameters>]

以下是我们可以过滤进程的一种方式。

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PS C:\Users\dhrub> get-process |select Name

Name
----
AdobeIPCBroker
amdfendrsr
AppHelperCap
ApplicationFrameHost

以下示例显示系统中正在运行的前五个进程。

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PS C:\Users\dhrub> get-process |Select-Object -First 5

Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName
------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------
206 13 2428 10492 0.09 836 6 AdobeIPCBroker
110 8 2012 4612 3368 0 amdfendrsr
334 15 5692 9724 2284 0 AppHelperCap
394 22 15564 32088 0.30 13260 6 ApplicationFrameHost
124 8 1588 2800 4956 0 armsvc

以下示例显示系统中正在运行的最后五个进程。

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PS C:\Users\dhrub> get-process |Select-Object -last 5

Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName
------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------
1064 75 55192 2556 10.11 14596 6 WinStore.App
186 13 3380 8544 3856 0 WmiPrvSE
189 12 3900 11268 7532 0 WmiPrvSE
462 16 4900 8100 1288 0 WUDFHost
767 51 30048 17588 1.89 14588 6 YourPhone

结论

在PowerShell中,您可以通过使用Where-Object和Select-Object命令轻松控制正在处理的项目。 您可以使用这些命令来过滤您查看的数据或将操作限制为与您设置的筛选器匹配的操作(例如停止服务或删除文件)。 这个系列将在下一篇文章中结束。 我们将研究如何循环遍历对象组以对一组项目执行更复杂的任务。

PowerShell 技能连载 - OpenAI 智能运维自动化

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function Invoke-AIOpsAutomation {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string]$OperationContext,

[ValidateRange(1,100)]
[int]$MaxTokens = 60
)

$apiKey = $env:OPENAI_API_KEY
$prompt = @"
作为资深PowerShell运维专家,请根据以下运维场景生成可执行的解决方案:
场景:$OperationContext
要求:
1. 使用标准PowerShell命令
2. 包含错误处理机制
3. 输出结构化数据
4. 确保跨平台兼容性
"@

$body = @{
model = "gpt-3.5-turbo"
messages = @(@{role="user"; content=$prompt})
max_tokens = $MaxTokens
} | ConvertTo-Json

$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri 'https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions' \
-Method Post \
-Headers @{ Authorization = "Bearer $apiKey" } \
-ContentType 'application/json' \
-Body $body

$codeBlock = $response.choices[0].message.content -replace '```powershell','' -replace '```',''
[scriptblock]::Create($codeBlock).Invoke()
}

核心功能

  1. 自然语言转PowerShell代码生成
  2. 动态脚本编译与执行
  3. OpenAI API安全集成
  4. 跨平台兼容性保障

典型应用场景

  • 根据自然语言描述自动生成日志分析脚本
  • 将故障现象描述转换为诊断代码
  • 创建复杂运维任务的快速原型
  • 生成符合企业规范的脚本模板