发表更新powershell / tip5 分钟读完 (大约799个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - Exchange 管理技巧

在 PowerShell 中管理 Exchange 是一项重要任务，本文将介绍一些实用的 Exchange 管理技巧。

首先，让我们看看基本的 Exchange 操作：

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# 创建 Exchange 邮箱管理函数
function Manage-ExchangeMailbox {
    param(
        [string]$UserPrincipalName,
        [string]$DisplayName,
        [string]$Alias,
        [string]$Database,
        [ValidateSet('Create', 'Update', 'Delete', 'Disable', 'Enable')]
        [string]$Action
    )
    
    try {
        Import-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement
        
        switch ($Action) {
            'Create' {
                New-Mailbox -UserPrincipalName $UserPrincipalName -DisplayName $DisplayName -Alias $Alias -Database $Database
                Write-Host "邮箱 $UserPrincipalName 创建成功"
            }
            'Update' {
                Set-Mailbox -Identity $UserPrincipalName -DisplayName $DisplayName -Alias $Alias
                Write-Host "邮箱 $UserPrincipalName 更新成功"
            }
            'Delete' {
                Remove-Mailbox -Identity $UserPrincipalName -Confirm:$false
                Write-Host "邮箱 $UserPrincipalName 删除成功"
            }
            'Disable' {
                Disable-Mailbox -Identity $UserPrincipalName -Confirm:$false
                Write-Host "邮箱 $UserPrincipalName 已禁用"
            }
            'Enable' {
                Enable-Mailbox -Identity $UserPrincipalName
                Write-Host "邮箱 $UserPrincipalName 已启用"
            }
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "Exchange 操作失败：$_"
    }
}

Exchange 分发组管理：

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# 创建 Exchange 分发组管理函数
function Manage-ExchangeDistributionGroup {
    param(
        [string]$Name,
        [string]$DisplayName,
        [string[]]$Members,
        [ValidateSet('Create', 'Update', 'Delete', 'AddMembers', 'RemoveMembers')]
        [string]$Action
    )
    
    try {
        Import-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement
        
        switch ($Action) {
            'Create' {
                New-DistributionGroup -Name $Name -DisplayName $DisplayName
                Write-Host "分发组 $Name 创建成功"
            }
            'Update' {
                Set-DistributionGroup -Identity $Name -DisplayName $DisplayName
                Write-Host "分发组 $Name 更新成功"
            }
            'Delete' {
                Remove-DistributionGroup -Identity $Name -Confirm:$false
                Write-Host "分发组 $Name 删除成功"
            }
            'AddMembers' {
                Add-DistributionGroupMember -Identity $Name -Member $Members
                Write-Host "成员已添加到分发组 $Name"
            }
            'RemoveMembers' {
                Remove-DistributionGroupMember -Identity $Name -Member $Members -Confirm:$false
                Write-Host "成员已从分发组 $Name 移除"
            }
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "Exchange 分发组操作失败：$_"
    }
}

Exchange 邮件规则管理：

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# 创建 Exchange 邮件规则管理函数
function Manage-ExchangeTransportRule {
    param(
        [string]$Name,
        [string]$Description,
        [string[]]$Conditions,
        [string[]]$Actions,
        [ValidateSet('Create', 'Update', 'Delete', 'Enable', 'Disable')]
        [string]$Action
    )
    
    try {
        Import-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement
        
        switch ($Action) {
            'Create' {
                New-TransportRule -Name $Name -Description $Description -Conditions $Conditions -Actions $Actions
                Write-Host "传输规则 $Name 创建成功"
            }
            'Update' {
                Set-TransportRule -Identity $Name -Description $Description -Conditions $Conditions -Actions $Actions
                Write-Host "传输规则 $Name 更新成功"
            }
            'Delete' {
                Remove-TransportRule -Identity $Name -Confirm:$false
                Write-Host "传输规则 $Name 删除成功"
            }
            'Enable' {
                Enable-TransportRule -Identity $Name
                Write-Host "传输规则 $Name 已启用"
            }
            'Disable' {
                Disable-TransportRule -Identity $Name
                Write-Host "传输规则 $Name 已禁用"
            }
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "Exchange 传输规则操作失败：$_"
    }
}

Exchange 邮箱权限管理：

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# 创建 Exchange 邮箱权限管理函数
function Manage-ExchangeMailboxPermission {
    param(
        [string]$Mailbox,
        [string]$User,
        [string[]]$AccessRights,
        [ValidateSet('Grant', 'Revoke', 'Reset')]
        [string]$Action
    )
    
    try {
        Import-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement
        
        switch ($Action) {
            'Grant' {
                Add-MailboxPermission -Identity $Mailbox -User $User -AccessRights $AccessRights
                Write-Host "权限已授予 $User 访问 $Mailbox"
            }
            'Revoke' {
                Remove-MailboxPermission -Identity $Mailbox -User $User -AccessRights $AccessRights -Confirm:$false
                Write-Host "权限已从 $User 撤销访问 $Mailbox"
            }
            'Reset' {
                Get-MailboxPermission -Identity $Mailbox | Where-Object { $_.User -ne "NT AUTHORITY\SELF" } | ForEach-Object {
                    Remove-MailboxPermission -Identity $Mailbox -User $_.User -AccessRights $_.AccessRights -Confirm:$false
                }
                Write-Host "邮箱 $Mailbox 的权限已重置"
            }
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "Exchange 邮箱权限操作失败：$_"
    }
}

Exchange 审计和报告：

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# 创建 Exchange 审计和报告函数
function Get-ExchangeAuditReport {
    param(
        [datetime]$StartDate,
        [datetime]$EndDate,
        [string]$ReportPath
    )
    
    try {
        Import-Module ExchangeOnlineManagement
        
        $report = @()
        
        # 获取邮箱访问日志
        $mailboxAccess = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -RecordType MailboxAccessed
        $mailboxAccess | ForEach-Object {
            [PSCustomObject]@{
                Type = "Mailbox Access"
                User = $_.UserIds
                Mailbox = $_.MailboxOwnerUPN
                Time = $_.CreationDate
                IP = $_.ClientIP
            }
        }
        
        # 获取邮件发送日志
        $mailSent = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate $EndDate -RecordType Send
        $mailSent | ForEach-Object {
            [PSCustomObject]@{
                Type = "Mail Sent"
                User = $_.UserIds
                Recipients = $_.Recipients
                Time = $_.CreationDate
                Subject = $_.Subject
            }
        }
        
        $report = $mailboxAccess + $mailSent
        $report | Export-Csv -Path $ReportPath -NoTypeInformation
        
        return [PSCustomObject]@{
            TotalEvents = $report.Count
            MailboxAccess = $mailboxAccess.Count
            MailSent = $mailSent.Count
            ReportPath = $ReportPath
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "Exchange 审计报告生成失败：$_"
    }
}

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地管理 Exchange。记住，在处理 Exchange 时，始终要注意安全性和性能。同时，建议使用适当的错误处理和日志记录机制来跟踪所有操作。

发表更新powershell / tip6 分钟读完 (大约925个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 事件日志管理技巧

在 PowerShell 中管理事件日志是系统管理和故障排查的重要任务。本文将介绍一些实用的事件日志管理技巧。

首先，让我们看看事件日志的基本操作：

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# 获取系统事件日志
$logs = Get-EventLog -List | Where-Object { $_.LogDisplayName -match "System|Application|Security" }

Write-Host "`n系统事件日志列表："
$logs | Format-Table LogDisplayName, Entries, MaximumKilobytes, OverflowAction -AutoSize

事件日志查询：

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# 创建事件日志查询函数
function Get-SystemEvents {
    param(
        [string]$LogName = "System",
        [int]$Hours = 24,
        [string[]]$EventTypes = @("Error", "Warning")
    )
    
    $startTime = (Get-Date).AddHours(-$Hours)
    
    $events = Get-EventLog -LogName $LogName -After $startTime | 
        Where-Object { $_.EntryType -in $EventTypes } |
        Select-Object TimeGenerated, EntryType, Source, EventID, Message
    
    Write-Host "`n最近 $Hours 小时内的 $LogName 日志："
    $events | Format-Table TimeGenerated, EntryType, Source, EventID -AutoSize
    
    # 统计事件类型
    $events | Group-Object EntryType | ForEach-Object {
        Write-Host "`n$($_.Name) 事件数量：$($_.Count)"
    }
}

事件日志清理：

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# 创建事件日志清理函数
function Clear-EventLogs {
    param(
        [string[]]$LogNames = @("System", "Application", "Security"),
        [int]$DaysToKeep = 30
    )
    
    $cutoffDate = (Get-Date).AddDays(-$DaysToKeep)
    
    foreach ($logName in $LogNames) {
        try {
            $log = Get-EventLog -LogName $logName
            $oldEvents = $log.Entries | Where-Object { $_.TimeGenerated -lt $cutoffDate }
            
            if ($oldEvents) {
                Write-Host "`n清理 $logName 日志..."
                Write-Host "将删除 $($oldEvents.Count) 条旧记录"
                
                # 导出旧事件到文件
                $exportPath = "C:\LogBackup\$logName_$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').evt"
                $oldEvents | Export-Clixml -Path $exportPath
                
                # 清理日志
                Clear-EventLog -LogName $logName
                Write-Host "日志已清理"
            }
            else {
                Write-Host "`n$logName 日志中没有需要清理的记录"
            }
        }
        catch {
            Write-Host "清理 $logName 日志时出错：$_"
        }
    }
}

事件日志监控：

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# 创建事件日志监控函数
function Watch-EventLog {
    param(
        [string]$LogName = "System",
        [string[]]$EventTypes = @("Error", "Warning"),
        [int]$Duration = 300
    )
    
    $endTime = (Get-Date).AddSeconds($Duration)
    Write-Host "开始监控 $LogName 日志"
    Write-Host "监控时长：$Duration 秒"
    
    while ((Get-Date) -lt $endTime) {
        $events = Get-EventLog -LogName $LogName -Newest 100 | 
            Where-Object { $_.EntryType -in $EventTypes }
        
        if ($events) {
            Write-Host "`n检测到新事件："
            $events | ForEach-Object {
                Write-Host "`n时间：$($_.TimeGenerated)"
                Write-Host "类型：$($_.EntryType)"
                Write-Host "来源：$($_.Source)"
                Write-Host "事件ID：$($_.EventID)"
                Write-Host "消息：$($_.Message)"
            }
        }
        
        Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
    }
}

一些实用的事件日志管理技巧：

  1. 事件日志分析：

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    # 分析事件日志模式
    function Analyze-EventPatterns {
        param(
            [string]$LogName = "System",
            [int]$Hours = 24
        )
        
        $startTime = (Get-Date).AddHours(-$Hours)
        $events = Get-EventLog -LogName $LogName -After $startTime
        
        Write-Host "`n事件来源统计："
        $events | Group-Object Source | 
            Sort-Object Count -Descending | 
            Select-Object -First 10 | 
            Format-Table Name, Count -AutoSize
        
        Write-Host "`n事件类型分布："
        $events | Group-Object EntryType | 
            Format-Table Name, Count -AutoSize
        
        Write-Host "`n最常见的事件ID："
        $events | Group-Object EventID | 
            Sort-Object Count -Descending | 
            Select-Object -First 10 | 
            Format-Table Name, Count -AutoSize
    }

  2. 事件日志导出：

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    # 导出事件日志
    function Export-EventLogs {
        param(
            [string]$LogName,
            [DateTime]$StartTime,
            [DateTime]$EndTime,
            [string]$ExportPath
        )
        
        # 创建导出目录
        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $ExportPath -Force
        
        # 导出事件日志
        $events = Get-EventLog -LogName $LogName -After $StartTime -Before $EndTime
        
        # 导出为CSV
        $csvPath = Join-Path $ExportPath "$LogName_$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').csv"
        $events | Export-Csv -Path $csvPath -NoTypeInformation
        
        # 导出为XML
        $xmlPath = Join-Path $ExportPath "$LogName_$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').xml"
        $events | Export-Clixml -Path $xmlPath
        
        Write-Host "`n已导出事件日志："
        Write-Host "CSV文件：$csvPath"
        Write-Host "XML文件：$xmlPath"
        Write-Host "事件数量：$($events.Count)"
    }

  3. 事件日志过滤：

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    # 创建高级事件日志过滤函数
    function Get-FilteredEvents {
        param(
            [string]$LogName,
            [string[]]$EventTypes,
            [string[]]$Sources,
            [int[]]$EventIDs,
            [int]$Hours = 24
        )
        
        $startTime = (Get-Date).AddHours(-$Hours)
        
        $events = Get-EventLog -LogName $LogName -After $startTime | 
            Where-Object {
                $_.EntryType -in $EventTypes -and
                $_.Source -in $Sources -and
                $_.EventID -in $EventIDs
            }
        
        Write-Host "`n过滤结果："
        $events | Format-Table TimeGenerated, EntryType, Source, EventID, Message -AutoSize
        
        # 生成统计报告
        Write-Host "`n统计信息："
        Write-Host "总事件数：$($events.Count)"
        Write-Host "`n按事件类型统计："
        $events | Group-Object EntryType | Format-Table Name, Count -AutoSize
        Write-Host "`n按来源统计："
        $events | Group-Object Source | Format-Table Name, Count -AutoSize
    }

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地管理事件日志。记住，在处理事件日志时，始终要注意日志的安全性和完整性。同时，建议定期备份重要的事件日志，以便进行历史分析和故障排查。

发表更新powershell / devops / kubernetes1 分钟读完 (大约196个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - Kubernetes 节点智能编排

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function Invoke-K8sNodeOrchestration {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [ValidateSet('ScaleUp','ScaleDown','Maintenance')]
        [string]$Operation,
        [int]$NodeCount = 1
    )

    $nodePool = Get-AzAksNodePool -ClusterName 'prod-cluster'
    $metrics = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri 'http://k8s-metrics:8080/api/v1/nodes'

    switch ($Operation) {
        'ScaleUp' {
            $newCount = $nodePool.Count + $NodeCount
            Update-AzAksNodePool -Name $nodePool.Name -Count $newCount
            Write-Host "节点池已扩容至$newCount个节点"
        }
        'ScaleDown' {
            $nodesToRemove = $metrics.Nodes | 
                Where-Object { $_.CpuUsage -lt 20 } | 
                Select-Object -First $NodeCount
            $nodesToRemove | ForEach-Object {
                Set-AzAksNode -Name $_.Name -State Draining
            }
        }
        'Maintenance' {
            $metrics.Nodes | Where-Object { $_.HealthStatus -ne 'Healthy' } |
                ForEach-Object {
                    Add-K8sNodeLabel -Node $_.Name -Label @{
                        'maintenance' = (Get-Date).ToString('yyyyMMdd')
                    }
                }
        }
    }
}

核心功能：

  1. 节点自动扩缩容策略
  2. 基于资源利用率的智能调度
  3. 维护模式自动标签管理
  4. 与Azure AKS深度集成

典型应用场景：

  • 应对突发流量自动扩容节点
  • 低负载时段自动缩容节约成本
  • 异常节点自动隔离维护
  • 跨可用区节点平衡管理
发表更新powershell / basic1 分钟读完 (大约128个字)

PowerShell流程控制结构精解

循环结构实战

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# 集合遍历优化
$processList = Get-Process
foreach ($process in $processList.Where{ $_.CPU -gt 100 }) {
    "高CPU进程: $($process.Name)"
}

# 并行处理演示
1..10 | ForEach-Object -Parallel {
    "任务 $_ 开始于: $(Get-Date)"
    Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
}

条件判断进阶

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# 多条件筛选模式
$score = 85
switch ($score) {
    { $_ -ge 90 } { "优秀" }
    { $_ -ge 75 } { "良好" }
    default { "待提高" }
}

最佳实践

  1. 避免在循环内执行耗时操作
  2. 使用break/continue优化循环效率
  3. 优先使用管道代替传统循环
  4. 合理设置循环终止条件防止死循环
发表更新powershell / basic1 分钟读完 (大约183个字)

PowerShell函数定义最佳实践

函数结构解析

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# 带参数验证的函数示例
function Get-Volume {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidatePattern('^[A-Z]:$')]
        $DriveLetter
    )
    Get-PSDrive $DriveLetter
}

返回值处理机制

方法 作用 推荐场景
Write-Output 默认输出到管道 数据传递
return 立即终止并返回值 条件返回
[void] 抑制输出 无返回值操作

典型应用场景

  1. 通过[CmdletBinding()]启用高级函数特性
  2. 使用begin/process/end块处理管道输入
  3. 采用ShouldProcess实现危险操作确认
  4. 通过comment-based help添加帮助文档

常见错误模式

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# 未处理的参数类型错误
function Add-Numbers {
    param($a, $b)
    $a + $b
}
Add-Numbers -a '1' -b 2  # 输出12

# 正确的类型强制转换
function Add-Integers {
    param(
        [int]$a,
        [int]$b
    )
    $a + $b
}
发表更新powershell / basic1 分钟读完 (大约142个字)

PowerShell脚本调试全攻略

调试基础工具

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# 设置行号断点
Set-PSBreakpoint -Script test.ps1 -Line 15

# 条件断点演示
Set-PSBreakpoint -Script test.ps1 -Line 20 -Action {
    if ($_.Count -gt 100) { break }
}

变量追踪技巧

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# 调试模式查看变量
$DebugPreference = 'Continue'
$processList = Get-Process
Write-Debug "当前进程数量: $($processList.Count)"

# 使用调试控制台
function Test-Function {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param()
    $private:counter = 0
    # 在调试器中输入 $private:counter 查看私有变量
}

最佳实践

  1. 使用Step-Into/Step-Over逐行调试
  2. 通过$Host.EnterNestedPrompt进入嵌套调试环境
  3. 结合ISE/VSCode图形化调试工具
  4. 使用Write-Verbose输出调试信息
发表更新powershell / tip4 分钟读完 (大约572个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 系统优化技巧

在 PowerShell 中优化系统性能是一项重要任务，本文将介绍一些实用的系统优化技巧。

首先，让我们看看基本的系统优化操作：

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# 创建系统性能分析函数
function Get-SystemPerformance {
    param(
        [int]$Duration = 3600,
        [int]$Interval = 60
    )
    
    try {
        $metrics = @()
        $endTime = Get-Date
        $startTime = $endTime.AddSeconds(-$Duration)
        
        while ($startTime -lt $endTime) {
            $cpu = Get-Counter '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'
            $memory = Get-Counter '\Memory\Available MBytes'
            $disk = Get-Counter '\PhysicalDisk(_Total)\% Disk Time'
            
            $metrics += [PSCustomObject]@{
                Time = Get-Date
                CPUUsage = $cpu.CounterSamples.CookedValue
                AvailableMemory = $memory.CounterSamples.CookedValue
                DiskUsage = $disk.CounterSamples.CookedValue
            }
            
            $startTime = $startTime.AddSeconds($Interval)
            Start-Sleep -Seconds $Interval
        }
        
        return [PSCustomObject]@{
            Duration = $Duration
            Interval = $Interval
            Metrics = $metrics
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "系统性能分析失败：$_"
    }
}

系统服务优化：

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# 创建系统服务优化函数
function Optimize-SystemServices {
    param(
        [string[]]$Services,
        [ValidateSet('Startup', 'Manual', 'Disabled')]
        [string]$StartupType
    )
    
    try {
        foreach ($service in $Services) {
            $svc = Get-Service -Name $service
            if ($svc) {
                Set-Service -Name $service -StartupType $StartupType
                Write-Host "服务 $service 已设置为 $StartupType"
            }
        }
        
        return [PSCustomObject]@{
            Services = $Services
            StartupType = $StartupType
            Status = "完成"
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "系统服务优化失败：$_"
    }
}

系统注册表优化：

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# 创建系统注册表优化函数
function Optimize-SystemRegistry {
    param(
        [string]$RegistryPath,
        [hashtable]$Settings
    )
    
    try {
        if (-not (Test-Path $RegistryPath)) {
            New-Item -Path $RegistryPath -Force
        }
        
        foreach ($key in $Settings.Keys) {
            $value = $Settings[$key]
            Set-ItemProperty -Path $RegistryPath -Name $key -Value $value
            Write-Host "注册表项 $key 已设置为 $value"
        }
        
        return [PSCustomObject]@{
            RegistryPath = $RegistryPath
            Settings = $Settings
            Status = "完成"
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "系统注册表优化失败：$_"
    }
}

系统磁盘优化：

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# 创建系统磁盘优化函数
function Optimize-SystemDisk {
    param(
        [string]$DriveLetter,
        [switch]$Defrag,
        [switch]$Cleanup
    )
    
    try {
        $results = @()
        
        if ($Defrag) {
            $defragResult = Optimize-Volume -DriveLetter $DriveLetter -Defrag -Verbose
            $results += [PSCustomObject]@{
                Operation = "Defrag"
                Status = $defragResult.Status
                SpaceSaved = $defragResult.SpaceSaved
            }
        }
        
        if ($Cleanup) {
            $cleanupResult = Clear-RecycleBin -DriveLetter $DriveLetter -Force
            $results += [PSCustomObject]@{
                Operation = "Cleanup"
                Status = "完成"
                ItemsRemoved = $cleanupResult.Count
            }
        }
        
        return [PSCustomObject]@{
            DriveLetter = $DriveLetter
            Operations = $results
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "系统磁盘优化失败：$_"
    }
}

系统网络优化：

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# 创建系统网络优化函数
function Optimize-SystemNetwork {
    param(
        [string]$AdapterName,
        [hashtable]$Settings
    )
    
    try {
        $adapter = Get-NetAdapter -Name $AdapterName
        if ($adapter) {
            foreach ($key in $Settings.Keys) {
                $value = $Settings[$key]
                Set-NetAdapterAdvancedProperty -Name $AdapterName -RegistryKeyword $key -RegistryValue $value
                Write-Host "网络适配器 $AdapterName 的 $key 已设置为 $value"
            }
            
            return [PSCustomObject]@{
                AdapterName = $AdapterName
                Settings = $Settings
                Status = "完成"
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Host "未找到网络适配器：$AdapterName"
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "系统网络优化失败：$_"
    }
}

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地优化系统性能。记住，在优化系统时，始终要注意安全性和稳定性。同时，建议使用适当的错误处理和日志记录机制来跟踪所有操作。

发表更新powershell / tip15 分钟读完 (大约2188个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 基础设施即代码实践

在现代IT运维领域，基础设施即代码(Infrastructure as Code, IaC)已成为标准实践。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell实现高效的IaC解决方案。

首先，让我们创建一个基础环境配置定义函数：

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# 创建环境配置定义函数
function New-InfrastructureDefinition {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$EnvironmentName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$OutputPath,
        
        [string]$Description = "",
        
        [ValidateSet("Development", "Testing", "Staging", "Production")]
        [string]$EnvironmentType = "Development",
        
        [switch]$Force
    )
    
    try {
        # 创建基础环境配置对象
        $infrastructureDefinition = [PSCustomObject]@{
            EnvironmentName = $EnvironmentName
            EnvironmentType = $EnvironmentType
            Description = $Description
            CreatedBy = $env:USERNAME
            CreatedOn = Get-Date
            Version = "1.0"
            Resources = @{
                VirtualMachines = @()
                NetworkResources = @()
                StorageResources = @()
                SecurityResources = @()
                DatabaseResources = @()
                ApplicationResources = @()
            }
            Dependencies = @{}
            DeploymentOrder = @()
            State = "Draft"
            Metadata = @{}
        }
        
        # 创建JSON定义文件
        $definitionFile = Join-Path -Path $OutputPath -ChildPath "$EnvironmentName.json"
        
        if ((Test-Path -Path $definitionFile) -and (-not $Force)) {
            throw "定义文件 '$definitionFile' 已存在。使用 -Force 参数覆盖现有文件。"
        }
        
        # 创建输出目录（如果不存在）
        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $OutputPath)) {
            New-Item -Path $OutputPath -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
        }
        
        # 保存定义
        $infrastructureDefinition | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $definitionFile -Encoding UTF8
        
        Write-Host "已创建基础设施定义: $definitionFile" -ForegroundColor Green
        return $infrastructureDefinition
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "创建基础设施定义时出错: $_"
    }
}

接下来，添加虚拟机资源定义：

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# 添加虚拟机资源定义
function Add-VMResource {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [PSObject]$InfrastructureDefinition,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$VMName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Size,
        
        [string]$OSType = "Windows",
        
        [string]$OSVersion = "2022-Datacenter",
        
        [string]$NetworkName,
        
        [string]$SubnetName,
        
        [hashtable]$Tags = @{},
        
        [string[]]$DependsOn = @(),
        
        [hashtable]$Properties = @{},
        
        [string]$OutputPath
    )
    
    process {
        try {
            # 创建VM定义
            $vmResource = [PSCustomObject]@{
                Name = $VMName
                ResourceType = "VirtualMachine"
                Size = $Size
                OSType = $OSType
                OSVersion = $OSVersion
                NetworkName = $NetworkName
                SubnetName = $SubnetName
                Tags = $Tags
                Properties = $Properties
                DependsOn = $DependsOn
                ResourceId = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
                CreatedOn = Get-Date
            }
            
            # 添加到定义中
            $InfrastructureDefinition.Resources.VirtualMachines += $vmResource
            
            # 添加依赖关系
            foreach ($dependency in $DependsOn) {
                if (-not $InfrastructureDefinition.Dependencies.ContainsKey($VMName)) {
                    $InfrastructureDefinition.Dependencies[$VMName] = @()
                }
                $InfrastructureDefinition.Dependencies[$VMName] += $dependency
            }
            
            # 如果提供了输出路径，更新定义文件
            if ($OutputPath) {
                $definitionFile = Join-Path -Path $OutputPath -ChildPath "$($InfrastructureDefinition.EnvironmentName).json"
                $InfrastructureDefinition | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $definitionFile -Encoding UTF8
                Write-Host "已更新基础设施定义: $definitionFile" -ForegroundColor Green
            }
            
            return $InfrastructureDefinition
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error "添加虚拟机资源定义时出错: $_"
        }
    }
}

添加网络资源定义：

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# 添加网络资源定义
function Add-NetworkResource {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [PSObject]$InfrastructureDefinition,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$NetworkName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$AddressSpace,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [PSObject[]]$Subnets,
        
        [bool]$EnableDnsSupport = $true,
        
        [hashtable]$Tags = @{},
        
        [string[]]$DependsOn = @(),
        
        [hashtable]$Properties = @{},
        
        [string]$OutputPath
    )
    
    process {
        try {
            # 创建网络定义
            $networkResource = [PSCustomObject]@{
                Name = $NetworkName
                ResourceType = "VirtualNetwork"
                AddressSpace = $AddressSpace
                Subnets = $Subnets
                EnableDnsSupport = $EnableDnsSupport
                Tags = $Tags
                Properties = $Properties
                DependsOn = $DependsOn
                ResourceId = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
                CreatedOn = Get-Date
            }
            
            # 添加到定义中
            $InfrastructureDefinition.Resources.NetworkResources += $networkResource
            
            # 添加依赖关系
            foreach ($dependency in $DependsOn) {
                if (-not $InfrastructureDefinition.Dependencies.ContainsKey($NetworkName)) {
                    $InfrastructureDefinition.Dependencies[$NetworkName] = @()
                }
                $InfrastructureDefinition.Dependencies[$NetworkName] += $dependency
            }
            
            # 如果提供了输出路径，更新定义文件
            if ($OutputPath) {
                $definitionFile = Join-Path -Path $OutputPath -ChildPath "$($InfrastructureDefinition.EnvironmentName).json"
                $InfrastructureDefinition | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $definitionFile -Encoding UTF8
                Write-Host "已更新基础设施定义: $definitionFile" -ForegroundColor Green
            }
            
            return $InfrastructureDefinition
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error "添加网络资源定义时出错: $_"
        }
    }
}

生成部署顺序：

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# 生成资源部署顺序
function Set-DeploymentOrder {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [PSObject]$InfrastructureDefinition,
        
        [switch]$Validate,
        
        [string]$OutputPath
    )
    
    process {
        try {
            # 创建依赖图
            $dependencyGraph = @{}
            $resourceList = @()
            
            # 收集所有资源
            foreach ($vmResource in $InfrastructureDefinition.Resources.VirtualMachines) {
                $resourceList += $vmResource.Name
                $dependencyGraph[$vmResource.Name] = $vmResource.DependsOn
            }
            
            foreach ($netResource in $InfrastructureDefinition.Resources.NetworkResources) {
                $resourceList += $netResource.Name
                $dependencyGraph[$netResource.Name] = $netResource.DependsOn
            }
            
            # 添加其他资源类型...
            
            # 检测循环依赖
            $visited = @{}
            $recStack = @{}
            
            function Test-CyclicDependency {
                param([string]$Node)
                
                $visited[$Node] = $true
                $recStack[$Node] = $true
                
                foreach ($neighbor in $dependencyGraph[$Node]) {
                    if (-not $visited.ContainsKey($neighbor)) {
                        if (Test-CyclicDependency -Node $neighbor) {
                            return $true
                        }
                    }
                    elseif ($recStack.ContainsKey($neighbor)) {
                        return $true
                    }
                }
                
                $recStack.Remove($Node)
                return $false
            }
            
            foreach ($resource in $resourceList) {
                if (-not $visited.ContainsKey($resource)) {
                    if (Test-CyclicDependency -Node $resource) {
                        throw "检测到循环依赖关系。无法确定部署顺序。"
                    }
                }
            }
            
            # 拓扑排序
            $visited = @{}
            $deploymentOrder = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
            
            function Sort-Topology {
                param([string]$Node)
                
                $visited[$Node] = $true
                
                foreach ($neighbor in $dependencyGraph[$Node]) {
                    if (-not $visited.ContainsKey($neighbor)) {
                        Sort-Topology -Node $neighbor
                    }
                }
                
                $deploymentOrder.Add($Node) | Out-Null
            }
            
            foreach ($resource in $resourceList) {
                if (-not $visited.ContainsKey($resource)) {
                    Sort-Topology -Node $resource
                }
            }
            
            # 反转列表，因为我们需要先部署没有依赖的资源
            [Array]::Reverse($deploymentOrder)
            
            # 更新部署顺序
            $InfrastructureDefinition.DeploymentOrder = $deploymentOrder
            
            # 验证部署顺序
            if ($Validate) {
                Write-Host "验证部署顺序..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
                $deploymentSet = @{}
                $isValid = $true
                
                foreach ($resource in $deploymentOrder) {
                    foreach ($dependency in $dependencyGraph[$resource]) {
                        if (-not $deploymentSet.ContainsKey($dependency)) {
                            Write-Host "错误: 资源 '$resource' 依赖于 '$dependency'，但该资源尚未部署。" -ForegroundColor Red
                            $isValid = $false
                        }
                    }
                    $deploymentSet[$resource] = $true
                }
                
                if ($isValid) {
                    Write-Host "部署顺序有效。" -ForegroundColor Green
                } else {
                    throw "部署顺序无效。请检查资源依赖关系。"
                }
            }
            
            # 如果提供了输出路径，更新定义文件
            if ($OutputPath) {
                $definitionFile = Join-Path -Path $OutputPath -ChildPath "$($InfrastructureDefinition.EnvironmentName).json"
                $InfrastructureDefinition | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $definitionFile -Encoding UTF8
                Write-Host "已更新基础设施定义: $definitionFile" -ForegroundColor Green
            }
            
            return $InfrastructureDefinition
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error "生成部署顺序时出错: $_"
        }
    }
}

部署基础设施资源：

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# 部署基础设施资源
function Deploy-InfrastructureResource {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [PSObject]$Resource,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [PSObject]$InfrastructureDefinition,
        
        [switch]$WhatIf,
        
        [PSObject]$DeploymentContext = @{}
    )
    
    try {
        $resourceName = $Resource.Name
        $resourceType = $Resource.ResourceType
        
        Write-Host "开始部署资源: $resourceName (类型: $resourceType)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        
        switch ($resourceType) {
            "VirtualMachine" {
                if ($WhatIf) {
                    Write-Host "[WhatIf] 将创建虚拟机 '$resourceName' (大小: $($Resource.Size), OS: $($Resource.OSType)-$($Resource.OSVersion))" -ForegroundColor Yellow
                } else {
                    # 这里是虚拟机部署的实际代码
                    # 示例: 使用 Azure PowerShell 模块创建虚拟机
                    Write-Host "正在创建虚拟机 '$resourceName'..." -ForegroundColor White
                    
                    # 模拟部署
                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
                    
                    # 返回部署结果
                    $deploymentResult = [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ResourceName = $resourceName
                        ResourceType = $resourceType
                        Status = "Success"
                        DeploymentId = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
                        DeploymentTime = Get-Date
                        Properties = @{
                            IPAddress = "10.0.0.$((Get-Random -Minimum 2 -Maximum 255))"
                            FQDN = "$resourceName.example.com"
                        }
                    }
                    
                    Write-Host "虚拟机 '$resourceName' 部署成功" -ForegroundColor Green
                    return $deploymentResult
                }
            }
            "VirtualNetwork" {
                if ($WhatIf) {
                    Write-Host "[WhatIf] 将创建虚拟网络 '$resourceName' (地址空间: $($Resource.AddressSpace))" -ForegroundColor Yellow
                } else {
                    # 这里是虚拟网络部署的实际代码
                    Write-Host "正在创建虚拟网络 '$resourceName'..." -ForegroundColor White
                    
                    # 模拟部署
                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
                    
                    # 返回部署结果
                    $deploymentResult = [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ResourceName = $resourceName
                        ResourceType = $resourceType
                        Status = "Success"
                        DeploymentId = [guid]::NewGuid().ToString()
                        DeploymentTime = Get-Date
                        Properties = @{
                            AddressSpace = $Resource.AddressSpace
                            SubnetCount = $Resource.Subnets.Count
                        }
                    }
                    
                    Write-Host "虚拟网络 '$resourceName' 部署成功" -ForegroundColor Green
                    return $deploymentResult
                }
            }
            default {
                Write-Warning "不支持的资源类型: $resourceType"
            }
        }
        
        if ($WhatIf) {
            return [PSCustomObject]@{
                ResourceName = $resourceName
                ResourceType = $resourceType
                Status = "WhatIf"
            }
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "部署资源 '$resourceName' 时出错: $_"
        return [PSCustomObject]@{
            ResourceName = $resourceName
            ResourceType = $resourceType
            Status = "Failed"
            Error = $_.ToString()
        }
    }
}

执行完整基础设施部署：

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# 部署完整基础设施
function Deploy-Infrastructure {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [PSObject]$InfrastructureDefinition,
        
        [switch]$WhatIf,
        
        [switch]$Force,
        
        [string]$DeploymentLogPath,
        
        [scriptblock]$OnSuccessAction,
        
        [scriptblock]$OnFailureAction
    )
    
    try {
        $environmentName = $InfrastructureDefinition.EnvironmentName
        $deploymentResults = @()
        $deploymentContext = @{}
        $deploymentStart = Get-Date
        $deploymentSuccess = $true
        
        Write-Host "开始部署环境: $environmentName" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        
        # 检查是否有部署顺序
        if ($InfrastructureDefinition.DeploymentOrder.Count -eq 0) {
            Write-Warning "部署顺序为空。正在尝试生成部署顺序..."
            $InfrastructureDefinition = Set-DeploymentOrder -InfrastructureDefinition $InfrastructureDefinition -Validate
        }
        
        # 创建资源映射
        $resourceMap = @{}
        foreach ($vmResource in $InfrastructureDefinition.Resources.VirtualMachines) {
            $resourceMap[$vmResource.Name] = $vmResource
        }
        
        foreach ($netResource in $InfrastructureDefinition.Resources.NetworkResources) {
            $resourceMap[$netResource.Name] = $netResource
        }
        
        # 按照部署顺序部署资源
        foreach ($resourceName in $InfrastructureDefinition.DeploymentOrder) {
            $resource = $resourceMap[$resourceName]
            
            if (-not $resource) {
                Write-Warning "资源 '$resourceName' 在部署顺序中但未找到资源定义。跳过。"
                continue
            }
            
            $result = Deploy-InfrastructureResource -Resource $resource -InfrastructureDefinition $InfrastructureDefinition -WhatIf:$WhatIf -DeploymentContext $deploymentContext
            $deploymentResults += $result
            
            # 如果部署失败且未强制继续，则终止部署
            if ($result.Status -eq "Failed" -and -not $Force) {
                Write-Error "资源 '$resourceName' 部署失败。终止部署。"
                $deploymentSuccess = $false
                break
            }
            
            # 更新部署上下文
            if ($result.Status -eq "Success") {
                $deploymentContext[$resourceName] = $result
            }
        }
        
        $deploymentEnd = Get-Date
        $deploymentDuration = $deploymentEnd - $deploymentStart
        
        # 生成部署摘要
        $deploymentSummary = [PSCustomObject]@{
            EnvironmentName = $environmentName
            StartTime = $deploymentStart
            EndTime = $deploymentEnd
            Duration = $deploymentDuration
            Status = if ($deploymentSuccess) { "Success" } else { "Failed" }
            ResourceCount = $deploymentResults.Count
            SuccessCount = ($deploymentResults | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "Success" }).Count
            FailedCount = ($deploymentResults | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "Failed" }).Count
            WhatIfCount = ($deploymentResults | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "WhatIf" }).Count
            DetailedResults = $deploymentResults
        }
        
        # 保存部署日志
        if ($DeploymentLogPath) {
            $logFile = Join-Path -Path $DeploymentLogPath -ChildPath "Deployment_$environmentName`_$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd_HHmmss').json"
            
            # 创建目录（如果不存在）
            if (-not (Test-Path -Path $DeploymentLogPath)) {
                New-Item -Path $DeploymentLogPath -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
            }
            
            $deploymentSummary | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $logFile -Encoding UTF8
            Write-Host "部署日志已保存至: $logFile" -ForegroundColor Green
        }
        
        # 部署成功或失败时执行的操作
        if ($deploymentSuccess -and $OnSuccessAction) {
            & $OnSuccessAction -DeploymentSummary $deploymentSummary
        }
        elseif (-not $deploymentSuccess -and $OnFailureAction) {
            & $OnFailureAction -DeploymentSummary $deploymentSummary
        }
        
        # 输出部署摘要
        Write-Host "部署摘要:" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        Write-Host "  环境: $environmentName" -ForegroundColor White
        Write-Host "  状态: $($deploymentSummary.Status)" -ForegroundColor $(if ($deploymentSummary.Status -eq "Success") { "Green" } else { "Red" })
        Write-Host "  持续时间: $($deploymentDuration.TotalMinutes) 分钟" -ForegroundColor White
        Write-Host "  资源总数: $($deploymentSummary.ResourceCount)" -ForegroundColor White
        Write-Host "  成功: $($deploymentSummary.SuccessCount)" -ForegroundColor Green
        Write-Host "  失败: $($deploymentSummary.FailedCount)" -ForegroundColor $(if ($deploymentSummary.FailedCount -gt 0) { "Red" } else { "White" })
        Write-Host "  WhatIf: $($deploymentSummary.WhatIfCount)" -ForegroundColor Yellow
        
        return $deploymentSummary
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "部署环境 '$environmentName' 时出错: $_"
    }
}

现在，让我们看一个使用示例：

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# 定义输出路径
$outputPath = "C:\IaC\Definitions"

# 创建一个新的环境定义
$envDef = New-InfrastructureDefinition -EnvironmentName "DevTest" -EnvironmentType "Development" -OutputPath $outputPath -Description "开发测试环境"

# 添加网络资源
$subnets = @(
    [PSCustomObject]@{ Name = "Frontend"; AddressPrefix = "10.0.1.0/24" },
    [PSCustomObject]@{ Name = "Backend"; AddressPrefix = "10.0.2.0/24" },
    [PSCustomObject]@{ Name = "Database"; AddressPrefix = "10.0.3.0/24" }
)

$envDef = Add-NetworkResource -InfrastructureDefinition $envDef -NetworkName "DevVNet" -AddressSpace "10.0.0.0/16" -Subnets $subnets -OutputPath $outputPath

# 添加虚拟机资源
$envDef = Add-VMResource -InfrastructureDefinition $envDef -VMName "WebServer01" -Size "Standard_B2s" -OSType "Windows" -OSVersion "2022-Datacenter" -NetworkName "DevVNet" -SubnetName "Frontend" -DependsOn @("DevVNet") -OutputPath $outputPath

$envDef = Add-VMResource -InfrastructureDefinition $envDef -VMName "AppServer01" -Size "Standard_B2s" -OSType "Windows" -OSVersion "2022-Datacenter" -NetworkName "DevVNet" -SubnetName "Backend" -DependsOn @("DevVNet", "WebServer01") -OutputPath $outputPath

$envDef = Add-VMResource -InfrastructureDefinition $envDef -VMName "DbServer01" -Size "Standard_B2ms" -OSType "Windows" -OSVersion "2022-Datacenter" -NetworkName "DevVNet" -SubnetName "Database" -DependsOn @("DevVNet") -OutputPath $outputPath

# 生成部署顺序
$envDef = Set-DeploymentOrder -InfrastructureDefinition $envDef -Validate -OutputPath $outputPath

# 预览部署（WhatIf）
$deploymentPreview = Deploy-Infrastructure -InfrastructureDefinition $envDef -WhatIf -DeploymentLogPath "C:\IaC\Logs"

# 实际部署
$deploymentResult = Deploy-Infrastructure -InfrastructureDefinition $envDef -DeploymentLogPath "C:\IaC\Logs"

这些PowerShell函数提供了一个强大的基础设施即代码解决方案，可以帮助自动化环境部署流程。随着基础设施复杂性的增加，您可以扩展这些函数来支持更多的资源类型和部署场景。结合版本控制系统如Git，这种方法能够确保环境配置的一致性和可重复性，从而提高IT运维的效率和可靠性。

发表更新powershell / tip2 分钟读完 (大约322个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 云原生配置管理

在云原生环境中，自动化资源配置管理至关重要。以下脚本实现Kubernetes部署模板生成与应用：

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function New-K8sDeployment {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$AppName,
        
        [ValidateRange(1,10)]
        [int]$Replicas = 3,
        
        [ValidateSet('development','production')]
        [string]$Environment = 'production'
    )

    $yaml = @"
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: $AppName-$Environment
spec:
  replicas: $Replicas
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: $AppName
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: $AppName
        env: $Environment
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: $AppName
        image: registry/vichamp/$AppName:latest
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
"@

    try {
        $tempFile = New-TemporaryFile
        $yaml | Out-File $tempFile.FullName
        
        kubectl apply -f $tempFile.FullName
        
        [PSCustomObject]@{
            AppName = $AppName
            Environment = $Environment
            Manifest = $yaml
            Status = 'Applied'
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "Kubernetes部署失败: $_"
    }
    finally {
        Remove-Item $tempFile.FullName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    }
}

实现原理：

  1. 使用here-string动态生成标准YAML部署模板
  2. 通过环境参数控制副本数量和部署环境
  3. 自动创建临时文件执行kubectl apply命令
  4. 返回包含应用状态的定制对象
  5. 完善的错误处理与临时文件清理机制

使用示例：

1
New-K8sDeployment -AppName 'order-service' -Environment 'production' -Replicas 5

最佳实践：

  1. 与CI/CD流水线集成实现自动部署
  2. 添加资源请求/限制验证逻辑
  3. 实现部署历史版本回滚功能
  4. 集成Prometheus监控指标

注意事项：
• 需要配置kubectl访问权限
• 建议添加YAML语法验证
• 生产环境需设置严格的资源限制

发表更新powershell / tip4 分钟读完 (大约599个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - Excel 处理技巧

在 PowerShell 中处理 Excel 文件是一项常见任务，本文将介绍一些实用的 Excel 处理技巧。

首先，让我们看看基本的 Excel 操作：

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# 创建 Excel 信息获取函数
function Get-ExcelInfo {
    param(
        [string]$ExcelPath
    )
    
    try {
        $excel = New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application
        $excel.Visible = $false
        $workbook = $excel.Workbooks.Open($ExcelPath)
        
        $info = [PSCustomObject]@{
            FileName = Split-Path $ExcelPath -Leaf
            SheetCount = $workbook.Sheets.Count
            SheetNames = $workbook.Sheets | ForEach-Object { $_.Name }
            UsedRange = $workbook.Sheets(1).UsedRange.Address
        }
        
        $workbook.Close($false)
        $excel.Quit()
        [System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($excel)
        
        return $info
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "获取 Excel 信息失败：$_"
    }
}

Excel 数据导出：

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# 创建 Excel 数据导出函数
function Export-ExcelData {
    param(
        [string]$InputPath,
        [string]$OutputPath,
        [string]$SheetName,
        [int]$StartRow = 1,
        [int]$EndRow
    )
    
    try {
        $excel = New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application
        $excel.Visible = $false
        $workbook = $excel.Workbooks.Open($InputPath)
        $sheet = $workbook.Sheets($SheetName)
        
        if (-not $EndRow) {
            $EndRow = $sheet.UsedRange.Rows.Count
        }
        
        $data = @()
        for ($row = $StartRow; $row -le $EndRow; $row++) {
            $rowData = @()
            for ($col = 1; $col -le $sheet.UsedRange.Columns.Count; $col++) {
                $rowData += $sheet.Cells($row, $col).Text
            }
            $data += $rowData -join ","
        }
        
        $data | Out-File $OutputPath -Encoding UTF8
        
        $workbook.Close($false)
        $excel.Quit()
        [System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($excel)
        
        Write-Host "数据导出完成：$OutputPath"
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "导出失败：$_"
    }
}

Excel 数据导入：

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# 创建 Excel 数据导入函数
function Import-ExcelData {
    param(
        [string]$InputPath,
        [string]$OutputPath,
        [string]$SheetName = "Sheet1",
        [string[]]$Headers
    )
    
    try {
        $excel = New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application
        $excel.Visible = $false
        $workbook = $excel.Workbooks.Add()
        $sheet = $workbook.Sheets(1)
        $sheet.Name = $SheetName
        
        # 写入表头
        for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Headers.Count; $i++) {
            $sheet.Cells(1, $i + 1) = $Headers[$i]
        }
        
        # 写入数据
        $row = 2
        Get-Content $InputPath | ForEach-Object {
            $values = $_ -split ","
            for ($col = 0; $col -lt $values.Count; $col++) {
                $sheet.Cells($row, $col + 1) = $values[$col]
            }
            $row++
        }
        
        # 调整列宽
        $sheet.UsedRange.EntireColumn.AutoFit()
        
        $workbook.SaveAs($OutputPath)
        $workbook.Close($true)
        $excel.Quit()
        [System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($excel)
        
        Write-Host "数据导入完成：$OutputPath"
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "导入失败：$_"
    }
}

Excel 数据合并：

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# 创建 Excel 数据合并函数
function Merge-ExcelData {
    param(
        [string[]]$InputFiles,
        [string]$OutputPath,
        [string]$SheetName = "Sheet1"
    )
    
    try {
        $excel = New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application
        $excel.Visible = $false
        $workbook = $excel.Workbooks.Add()
        $sheet = $workbook.Sheets(1)
        $sheet.Name = $SheetName
        
        $currentRow = 1
        $headersWritten = $false
        
        foreach ($file in $InputFiles) {
            $sourceWorkbook = $excel.Workbooks.Open($file)
            $sourceSheet = $sourceWorkbook.Sheets(1)
            
            if (-not $headersWritten) {
                # 复制表头
                $sourceSheet.Range($sourceSheet.UsedRange.Rows(1).Address).Copy($sheet.Cells($currentRow, 1))
                $headersWritten = $true
                $currentRow++
            }
            
            # 复制数据
            $lastRow = $sourceSheet.UsedRange.Rows.Count
            if ($lastRow -gt 1) {
                $sourceSheet.Range($sourceSheet.UsedRange.Rows(2).Address + ":" + $sourceSheet.UsedRange.Rows($lastRow).Address).Copy($sheet.Cells($currentRow, 1))
                $currentRow += $lastRow - 1
            }
            
            $sourceWorkbook.Close($false)
        }
        
        # 调整列宽
        $sheet.UsedRange.EntireColumn.AutoFit()
        
        $workbook.SaveAs($OutputPath)
        $workbook.Close($true)
        $excel.Quit()
        [System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($excel)
        
        Write-Host "数据合并完成：$OutputPath"
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "合并失败：$_"
    }
}

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地处理 Excel 文件。记住，在处理 Excel 时，始终要注意内存管理和资源释放。同时，建议在处理大型 Excel 文件时使用流式处理方式，以提高性能。

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