发表更新powershell / tip1 分钟读完 (大约137个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 丢弃数据流

PowerShell 通过不同的流输出信息。警告写入到与输出不同的流中，而错误也写入不同的流。每个流都有一个唯一的数字标识符：

IDStream
1Output
2Error
3Warning
4Verbose
5Debug
6Information

如果要丢弃某个流，可以使用重定向运算符（“>”）并将流重定向到 $null。此行代码将丢弃任何错误或警告消息：

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Get-Process -FileVersionInfo 2>$null 3>$null
发表更新powershell / tip1 分钟读完 (大约176个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 忽略（任何）输出

无论您做什么，PowerShell中都有（少量）命令可将信息输出到控制台。无论流重定向或赋值给 $null 都不能禁止这类命令输出，例如：

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PS> $null = Get-WindowsUpdateLog *>&1

即使所有输出流都被丢弃，Get-WindowsUpdateLog cmdlet 仍会将大量信息写入控制台。

如果遇到这种情况，最后的方法是暂时禁用内部命令 Out-Default，如下所示：

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# temporarily overwrite Out-Default
function Out-Default {}

# run your code (guaranteed no output)
Get-WindowsUpdateLog

# test any other direct console write
[Console]::WriteLine("Hello")

# restore Out-Default
Remove-Item -Path function:Out-Default
发表更新powershell / tip1 分钟读完 (大约182个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 识别操作系统详细信息

当您查询操作系统详细信息时，WMI 会返回一个数字：

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PS> Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem |
      Select-Object -ExpandProperty SuiteMask
272

SuiteMask 实际上是一个位掩码，其中每个位代表一个特定的细节。要将其转换为可读的文本，请使用标志枚举：

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$SuiteMask = @{
  Name = 'SuiteMaskText'
  Expression = {
    [Flags()] Enum EnumSuiteMask
    {
      SmallBusinessServer             = 1
      Server2008Enterprise            = 2
      BackOfficeComponents            = 4
      CommunicationsServer            = 8
      TerminalServices                = 16
      SmallBusinessServerRestricted   = 32
      WindowsEmbedded                 = 64
      DatacenterEdition               = 128
      TerminalServicesSingleSession   = 256
      HomeEdition                     = 512
      WebServerEdition                = 1024
      StorageServerEdition            = 8192
      ComputeClusterEdition           = 16384
    }

    [EnumSuiteMask][int]$_.SuiteMask
  }
}

Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object -Property Caption, SuiteMask, $SuiteMask

这将添加一个计算得出的 SuiteMaskText 属性，该属性列出了已安装的操作系统扩展：

Caption                  SuiteMask                                   SuiteMaskText
-------                  ---------                                   -------------
Microsoft Windows 10 Pro       272 TerminalServices, TerminalServicesSingleSession
发表更新powershell / tip4 分钟读完 (大约671个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 识别 Windows 类型

WMI 返回每个不同的 Windows SKU 的密码编号：

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PS> Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object -ExpandProperty OperatingSystemSKU
48

要将此数字转换为有意义的文本（例如出于报告目的），请尝试以下操作：

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$OperatingSystemSKU = @{
  Name = 'OperatingSystemSKUText'
  Expression = {
    $value = $_.OperatingSystemSKU

    switch([int]$value)
      {
        0          {'PRODUCT_UNDEFINED'}
        1          {'PRODUCT_ULTIMATE'}
        2          {'PRODUCT_HOME_BASIC'}
        3          {'PRODUCT_HOME_PREMIUM'}
        4          {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE'}
        5          {'PRODUCT_HOME_BASIC_N'}
        6          {'PRODUCT_BUSINESS'}
        7          {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER'}
        8          {'PRODUCT_DATACENTER_SERVER'}
        9          {'PRODUCT_SMALLBUSINESS_SERVER'}
        10         {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER'}
        11         {'PRODUCT_STARTER'}
        12         {'PRODUCT_DATACENTER_SERVER_CORE'}
        13         {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER_CORE'}
        14         {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER_CORE'}
        15         {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER_IA64'}
        16         {'PRODUCT_BUSINESS_N'}
        17         {'PRODUCT_WEB_SERVER'}
        18         {'PRODUCT_CLUSTER_SERVER'}
        19         {'PRODUCT_HOME_SERVER'}
        20         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_EXPRESS_SERVER'}
        21         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_STANDARD_SERVER'}
        22         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_WORKGROUP_SERVER'}
        23         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_ENTERPRISE_SERVER'}
        24         {'PRODUCT_SERVER_FOR_SMALLBUSINESS'}
        25         {'PRODUCT_SMALLBUSINESS_SERVER_PREMIUM'}
        26         {'PRODUCT_HOME_PREMIUM_N'}
        27         {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_N'}
        28         {'PRODUCT_ULTIMATE_N'}
        29         {'PRODUCT_WEB_SERVER_CORE'}
        30         {'PRODUCT_MEDIUMBUSINESS_SERVER_MANAGEMENT'}
        31         {'PRODUCT_MEDIUMBUSINESS_SERVER_SECURITY'}
        32         {'PRODUCT_MEDIUMBUSINESS_SERVER_MESSAGING'}
        33         {'PRODUCT_SERVER_FOUNDATION'}
        34         {'PRODUCT_HOME_PREMIUM_SERVER'}
        35         {'PRODUCT_SERVER_FOR_SMALLBUSINESS_V'}
        36         {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER_V'}
        37         {'PRODUCT_DATACENTER_SERVER_V'}
        38         {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER_V'}
        39         {'PRODUCT_DATACENTER_SERVER_CORE_V'}
        40         {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER_CORE_V'}
        41         {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER_CORE_V'}
        42         {'PRODUCT_HYPERV'}
        43         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_EXPRESS_SERVER_CORE'}
        44         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_STANDARD_SERVER_CORE'}
        45         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_WORKGROUP_SERVER_CORE'}
        46         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_ENTERPRISE_SERVER_CORE'}
        47         {'PRODUCT_STARTER_N'}
        48         {'PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL'}
        49         {'PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL_N'}
        50         {'PRODUCT_SB_SOLUTION_SERVER'}
        51         {'PRODUCT_SERVER_FOR_SB_SOLUTIONS'}
        52         {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER_SOLUTIONS'}
        53         {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER_SOLUTIONS_CORE'}
        54         {'PRODUCT_SB_SOLUTION_SERVER_EM'}
        55         {'PRODUCT_SERVER_FOR_SB_SOLUTIONS_EM'}
        56         {'PRODUCT_SOLUTION_EMBEDDEDSERVER'}
        57         {'PRODUCT_SOLUTION_EMBEDDEDSERVER_CORE'}
        58         {'PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL_EMBEDDED'}
        59         {'PRODUCT_ESSENTIALBUSINESS_SERVER_MGMT'}
        60         {'PRODUCT_ESSENTIALBUSINESS_SERVER_ADDL'}
        61         {'PRODUCT_ESSENTIALBUSINESS_SERVER_MGMTSVC'}
        62         {'PRODUCT_ESSENTIALBUSINESS_SERVER_ADDLSVC'}
        63         {'PRODUCT_SMALLBUSINESS_SERVER_PREMIUM_CORE'}
        64         {'PRODUCT_CLUSTER_SERVER_V'}
        65         {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED'}
        66         {'PRODUCT_STARTER_E'}
        67         {'PRODUCT_HOME_BASIC_E'}
        68         {'PRODUCT_HOME_PREMIUM_E'}
        69         {'PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL_E'}
        70         {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_E'}
        71         {'PRODUCT_ULTIMATE_E'}
        72         {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_EVALUATION'}
        76         {'PRODUCT_MULTIPOINT_STANDARD_SERVER'}
        77         {'PRODUCT_MULTIPOINT_PREMIUM_SERVER'}
        79         {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_EVALUATION_SERVER'}
        80         {'PRODUCT_DATACENTER_EVALUATION_SERVER'}
        84         {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_N_EVALUATION'}
        85         {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_AUTOMOTIVE'}
        86         {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_INDUSTRY_A'}
        87         {'PRODUCT_THINPC'}
        88         {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_A'}
        89         {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_INDUSTRY'}
        90         {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_E'}
        91         {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_INDUSTRY_E'}
        92         {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_INDUSTRY_A_E'}
        95         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_WORKGROUP_EVALUATION_SERVE'}
        96         {'PRODUCT_STORAGE_STANDARD_EVALUATION_SERVER'}
        97         {'PRODUCT_CORE_ARM'}
        98         {'PRODUCT_CORE_N'}
        99         {'PRODUCT_CORE_COUNTRYSPECIFIC'}
        100        {'PRODUCT_CORE_SINGLELANGUAGE'}
        101        {'PRODUCT_CORE'}
        103        {'PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL_WMC'}
        105        {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_INDUSTRY_EVAL'}
        106        {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_INDUSTRY_E_EVAL'}
        107        {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_EVAL'}
        108        {'PRODUCT_EMBEDDED_E_EVAL'}
        109        {'PRODUCT_NANO_SERVER'}
        110        {'PRODUCT_CLOUD_STORAGE_SERVER'}
        111        {'PRODUCT_CORE_CONNECTED'}
        112        {'PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL_STUDENT'}
        113        {'PRODUCT_CORE_CONNECTED_N'}
        114        {'PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL_STUDENT_N'}
        115        {'PRODUCT_CORE_CONNECTED_SINGLELANGUAGE'}
        116        {'PRODUCT_CORE_CONNECTED_COUNTRYSPECIFIC'}
        117        {'PRODUCT_CONNECTED_CAR'}
        118        {'PRODUCT_INDUSTRY_HANDHELD'}
        119        {'PRODUCT_PPI_PRO'}
        120        {'PRODUCT_ARM64_SERVER'}
        121        {'PRODUCT_EDUCATION'}
        122        {'PRODUCT_EDUCATION_N'}
        123        {'PRODUCT_IOTUAP'}
        124        {'PRODUCT_CLOUD_HOST_INFRASTRUCTURE_SERVER'}
        125        {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_S'}
        126        {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_S_N'}
        127        {'PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL_S'}
        128        {'PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL_S_N'}
        129        {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_S_EVALUATION'}
        130        {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_S_N_EVALUATION'}
        135        {'PRODUCT_HOLOGRAPHIC'}
        138        {'PRODUCT_PRO_SINGLE_LANGUAGE'}
        139        {'PRODUCT_PRO_CHINA'}
        140        {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SUBSCRIPTION'}
        141        {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SUBSCRIPTION_N'}
        143        {'PRODUCT_DATACENTER_NANO_SERVER'}
        144        {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_NANO_SERVER'}
        145        {'PRODUCT_DATACENTER_A_SERVER_CORE'}
        146        {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_A_SERVER_CORE'}
        147        {'PRODUCT_DATACENTER_WS_SERVER_CORE'}
        148        {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_WS_SERVER_CORE'}
        149        {'PRODUCT_UTILITY_VM'}
        159        {'PRODUCT_DATACENTER_EVALUATION_SERVER_CORE'}
        160        {'PRODUCT_STANDARD_EVALUATION_SERVER_CORE'}
        161        {'PRODUCT_PRO_WORKSTATION'}
        162        {'PRODUCT_PRO_WORKSTATION_N'}
        164        {'PRODUCT_PRO_FOR_EDUCATION'}
        165        {'PRODUCT_PRO_FOR_EDUCATION_N'}
        168        {'PRODUCT_AZURE_SERVER_CORE'}
        169        {'PRODUCT_AZURE_NANO_SERVER'}
        171        {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISEG'}
        172        {'PRODUCT_ENTERPRISEGN'}
        175        {'PRODUCT_SERVERRDSH'}
        178        {'PRODUCT_CLOUD'}
        179        {'PRODUCT_CLOUDN'}
        180        {'PRODUCT_HUBOS'}
        182        {'PRODUCT_ONECOREUPDATEOS'}
        183        {'PRODUCT_CLOUDE'}
        184        {'PRODUCT_ANDROMEDA'}
        185        {'PRODUCT_IOTOS'}
        186        {'PRODUCT_CLOUDEN'}
        default    {"$value"}
      }

  }
}

Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object -Property Caption, OperatingSystemSKU, $OperatingSystemSKU

输出将添加一个具有友好名称的新 OperatingSystemSKUText 属性：

Caption                  OperatingSystemSKU OperatingSystemSKUText
-------                  ------------------ ----------------------
Microsoft Windows 10 Pro                 48 PRODUCT_PROFESSIONAL
发表更新powershell / tip2 分钟读完 (大约254个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 操作系统的启动和安装时间

WMI 类 Win32_OperatingSystem 提供了有关许多日期时间信息的丰富信息，包括上次启动的日期和安装时间：

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$dateTimeProps = 'InstallDate', 'LastBootupTime', 'LocalDateTime', 'CurrentTimeZone', 'CountryCode'

Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object -Property $dateTimeProps

结果看起来像这样：

InstallDate     : 03.09.2019 12:42:41
LastBootupTime  : 03.05.2020 12:15:45
LocalDateTime   : 04.05.2020 10:43:55
CurrentTimeZone : 120
CountryCode     : 49

如果您想知道系统运行了多少分钟，或者自安装以来已经过去了几天，请使用 New-TimeSpan：

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$os = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem

$installedDays = (New-TimeSpan -Start $os.InstallDate).Days
$runningMinutes = [int](New-TimeSpan -Start $os.LastBootupTime).TotalMinutes

"Your copy of Windows was installed $installedDays days ago."
"Your system is up for {0:n0} minutes." -f $runningMinutes

结果看起来像这样：

Your copy of Windows was installed 243 days ago.
Your system is up for 1.353 minutes.

Get-CimInstance cmdlet可用于在本地和远程计算机上查询信息（前提是您具有适当的权限）。有关如何远程使用Get-CimInstance的更多信息，请访问https://powershell.one/wmi/remote-access。

发表更新powershell / tip1 分钟读完 (大约125个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 改变操作系统描述

每个 Windows 操作系统都有一个描述，您可以使用以下命令查看（和更改）该描述：

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PS> control sysdm.cpl

要通过 PowerShell 自动执行此操作，请使用以下命令：

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# change operating system description
# (requires admin privileges)
$values = @{
    Description = 'My Computer'
}
Set-CimInstance -Query 'Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem' -Property $values

# read description
# (no admin privileges required)
$description = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem |
    Select-Object -ExpandProperty Description

"OS Description: $description"
发表更新powershell / tip2 分钟读完 (大约313个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 在网格视图窗口中将对象数据显示为表格

通常，当将单个对象输出到 Out-GridView 时，将得到一行数据，并且每个属性都以一列的形式出现：

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Get-ComputerInfo | Select-Object -Property * | Out-GridView

这样难以查看和过滤特定信息。只需将对象转换为有序哈希表，即可将其显示为网格视图窗口中的表。此外，您现在还可以消除空属性并确保对属性进行排序：

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# make sure you have exactly ONE object
$info = Get-ComputerInfo
# find names of non-empty properties
$filledProperties = $info.PSObject.Properties.Name.Where{![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($info.$_)} | Sort-Object
# turn object into a hash table and show in a grid view window
$filledProperties | ForEach-Object { $hash = [Ordered]@{} } { $hash[$_] = $info.$_ } { $hash } | Out-GridView

只要 $info 恰好包含一个对象，该方法就可以完美地工作。例如，您可以调整代码，并使用 “Get-AdUser -Identify SomeName -Properties *“ 代替 “Get-ComputerInfo“ 来列出给定用户的所有 Active Directory 属性。只要确保您精确地指定了一个用户即可。

由于此方法将对象转换为键值对，因此不适用于多个对象。

发表更新powershell / tip1 分钟读完 (大约141个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 移除空白的属性

WMI 和 Get-CimInstance 可以为您提供许多有用的信息，但是返回的对象通常包含许多空属性：

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PS> Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object -Property *

另外，属性不一定要排序。您可以通过识别和排序不为空的属性来进行修复：

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# get all WMI information
$os = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem
# find names of non-empty properties
$filledProperties = $os.PSObject.Properties.Name.Where{![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($os.$_)} | Sort-Object
# show non-empty properties only
$os | Select-Object -Property $filledProperties
发表更新powershell / tip2 分钟读完 (大约253个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 使用断言

通常，您的代码需要声明某些先决条件。例如，您可能要确保给定的文件夹存在，并使用如下代码：

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# path to download files to
$OutPath = "$env:temp\SampleData"

# does it already exist?
$exists = Test-Path -Path $OutPath -PathType Container

# no, create it
if (!$exists)
{
  $null = New-Item -Path $OutPath -ItemType Directory
}

您可以开始使用断言函数库，而不必一遍又一遍地写代码。这是确保文件夹存在的一种：

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filter Assert-FolderExists
{
  $exists = Test-Path -Path $_ -PathType Container
  if (!$exists) {
    Write-Warning "$_ did not exist. Folder created."
    $null = New-Item -Path $_ -ItemType Directory
  }
}

使用此函数，您的代码将变得更加整洁。这些代码将文件夹路径分配给变量，并同时确保文件夹存在：

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# making sure a bunch of folders exist
'C:\test1', 'C:\test2' | Assert-FolderExists

# making sure the path assigned to a variable exists
($Path = 'c:\test3') | Assert-FolderExists

在此处阅读有关此技术的更多信息：https://powershell.one/code/10.html。

发表更新powershell / tip2 分钟读完 (大约350个字)

PowerShell 技能连载 - 局域网唤醒

无需外部“局域网唤醒”工具了。如果要唤醒网络计算机，只需告诉 PowerShell 目标计算机的 MAC 地址即可。这是一个组成 magic packet 并唤醒机器的函数：

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function Invoke-WakeOnLan
{
  param
  (
    # one or more MAC addresses
    [Parameter(Mandatory,ValueFromPipeline,ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
    # MAC address must be a following this regex pattern
    [ValidatePattern('^([0-9A-F]{2}[:-]){5}([0-9A-F]{2})$')]
    [string[]]
    $MacAddress
  )

  begin
  {
    # instantiate a UDP client
    $UDPclient = [System.Net.Sockets.UdpClient]::new()
  }
  process
  {
    foreach ($_ in $MacAddress)
    {
      try {
        $currentMacAddress = $_

        # get byte array from MAC address
        $mac = $currentMacAddress -split '[:-]' |
          # convert the hex number into byte
          ForEach-Object {
            [System.Convert]::ToByte($_, 16)
          }

        #region compose the "magic packet"

        # create a byte array with 102 bytes initialized to 255 each
        $packet = [byte[]](,0xFF * 102)

        # leave the first 6 bytes untouched, and
        # repeat the target MAC address bytes in bytes 7 through 102
        6..101 | ForEach-Object {
          # $_ is indexing in the byte array,
          # $_ % 6 produces repeating indices between 0 and 5
          # (modulo operator)
          $packet[$_] = $mac[($_ % 6)]
        }

        #endregion

        # connect to port 4000 on broadcast address
        $UDPclient.Connect(([System.Net.IPAddress]::Broadcast),4000)

        # send the magic packet to the broadcast address
        $null = $UDPclient.Send($packet, $packet.Length)
        Write-Verbose "Sent magic packet to $currentMacAddress..."
      }
      catch
      {
        Write-Warning "Unable to send ${mac}: $_"
      }
    }
  }
  end
  {
    # release the UDP client and free its memory
    $UDPclient.Close()
    $UDPclient.Dispose()
  }
}

运行该函数后，可以通过以下方法唤醒计算机：

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Invoke-WakeOnLan -MacAddress '24:EE:9A:54:1B:E5', '98:E7:43:B5:B2:2F' -Verbose

要找出目标机器的MAC地址，请在目标机器上运行此行代码或通过远程处理：

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Get-CimInstance -Query 'Select * From Win32_NetworkAdapter Where NetConnectionStatus=2' | Select-Object -Property Name, Manufacturer, MacAddress

可以在这里找到更多信息：https://powershell.one/code/11.html。

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