PowerShell 技能连载 - 资产管理

在系统管理中,资产管理对于确保资源的有效利用和成本控制至关重要。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell构建一个资产管理系统,包括资产发现、跟踪和优化等功能。

资产发现

首先,让我们创建一个用于管理资产发现的函数:

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function Discover-SystemAssets {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$DiscoveryID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$AssetTypes,

[Parameter()]
[ValidateSet("Full", "Quick", "Custom")]
[string]$DiscoveryMode = "Full",

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$DiscoveryConfig,

[Parameter()]
[string]$LogPath
)

try {
$discoverer = [PSCustomObject]@{
DiscoveryID = $DiscoveryID
StartTime = Get-Date
DiscoveryStatus = @{}
Assets = @{}
Issues = @()
}

# 获取发现配置
$config = Get-DiscoveryConfig -DiscoveryID $DiscoveryID

# 管理发现
foreach ($type in $AssetTypes) {
$status = [PSCustomObject]@{
Type = $type
Status = "Unknown"
Config = @{}
Assets = @{}
Issues = @()
}

# 应用发现配置
$typeConfig = Apply-DiscoveryConfig `
-Config $config `
-Type $type `
-Mode $DiscoveryMode `
-Settings $DiscoveryConfig

$status.Config = $typeConfig

# 发现系统资产
$assets = Discover-AssetInventory `
-Type $type `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Assets = $assets
$discoverer.Assets[$type] = $assets

# 检查资产问题
$issues = Check-AssetIssues `
-Assets $assets `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Issues = $issues
$discoverer.Issues += $issues

# 更新发现状态
if ($issues.Count -gt 0) {
$status.Status = "Warning"
}
else {
$status.Status = "Success"
}

$discoverer.DiscoveryStatus[$type] = $status
}

# 记录发现日志
if ($LogPath) {
$discoverer | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath
}

# 更新发现器状态
$discoverer.EndTime = Get-Date

return $discoverer
}
catch {
Write-Error "资产发现失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

资产跟踪

接下来,创建一个用于管理资产跟踪的函数:

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function Track-SystemAssets {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$TrackingID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$TrackingTypes,

[Parameter()]
[ValidateSet("Usage", "Cost", "Lifecycle")]
[string]$TrackingMode = "Usage",

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$TrackingConfig,

[Parameter()]
[string]$ReportPath
)

try {
$tracker = [PSCustomObject]@{
TrackingID = $TrackingID
StartTime = Get-Date
TrackingStatus = @{}
Tracking = @{}
Metrics = @()
}

# 获取跟踪配置
$config = Get-TrackingConfig -TrackingID $TrackingID

# 管理跟踪
foreach ($type in $TrackingTypes) {
$status = [PSCustomObject]@{
Type = $type
Status = "Unknown"
Config = @{}
Tracking = @{}
Metrics = @()
}

# 应用跟踪配置
$typeConfig = Apply-TrackingConfig `
-Config $config `
-Type $type `
-Mode $TrackingMode `
-Settings $TrackingConfig

$status.Config = $typeConfig

# 跟踪系统资产
$tracking = Track-AssetMetrics `
-Type $type `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Tracking = $tracking
$tracker.Tracking[$type] = $tracking

# 生成跟踪指标
$metrics = Generate-TrackingMetrics `
-Tracking $tracking `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Metrics = $metrics
$tracker.Metrics += $metrics

# 更新跟踪状态
if ($metrics.Count -gt 0) {
$status.Status = "Active"
}
else {
$status.Status = "Inactive"
}

$tracker.TrackingStatus[$type] = $status
}

# 生成报告
if ($ReportPath) {
$report = Generate-TrackingReport `
-Tracker $tracker `
-Config $config

$report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath
}

# 更新跟踪器状态
$tracker.EndTime = Get-Date

return $tracker
}
catch {
Write-Error "资产跟踪失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

资产优化

最后,创建一个用于管理资产优化的函数:

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function Optimize-SystemAssets {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$OptimizationID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$OptimizationTypes,

[Parameter()]
[ValidateSet("Cost", "Performance", "Utilization")]
[string]$OptimizationMode = "Cost",

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$OptimizationConfig,

[Parameter()]
[string]$ReportPath
)

try {
$optimizer = [PSCustomObject]@{
OptimizationID = $OptimizationID
StartTime = Get-Date
OptimizationStatus = @{}
Optimizations = @{}
Actions = @()
}

# 获取优化配置
$config = Get-OptimizationConfig -OptimizationID $OptimizationID

# 管理优化
foreach ($type in $OptimizationTypes) {
$status = [PSCustomObject]@{
Type = $type
Status = "Unknown"
Config = @{}
Optimizations = @{}
Actions = @()
}

# 应用优化配置
$typeConfig = Apply-OptimizationConfig `
-Config $config `
-Type $type `
-Mode $OptimizationMode `
-Settings $OptimizationConfig

$status.Config = $typeConfig

# 优化系统资产
$optimizations = Optimize-AssetUsage `
-Type $type `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Optimizations = $optimizations
$optimizer.Optimizations[$type] = $optimizations

# 执行优化动作
$actions = Execute-OptimizationActions `
-Optimizations $optimizations `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Actions = $actions
$optimizer.Actions += $actions

# 更新优化状态
if ($actions.Count -gt 0) {
$status.Status = "Optimized"
}
else {
$status.Status = "NoAction"
}

$optimizer.OptimizationStatus[$type] = $status
}

# 生成报告
if ($ReportPath) {
$report = Generate-OptimizationReport `
-Optimizer $optimizer `
-Config $config

$report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath
}

# 更新优化器状态
$optimizer.EndTime = Get-Date

return $optimizer
}
catch {
Write-Error "资产优化失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

使用示例

以下是如何使用这些函数来管理资产的示例:

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# 发现系统资产
$discoverer = Discover-SystemAssets -DiscoveryID "DISCOVERY001" `
-AssetTypes @("Hardware", "Software", "Network", "Storage") `
-DiscoveryMode "Full" `
-DiscoveryConfig @{
"Hardware" = @{
"Categories" = @("Server", "Desktop", "Mobile")
"Attributes" = @("CPU", "Memory", "Storage")
"Filter" = "Status = Active"
"Retention" = 7
}
"Software" = @{
"Categories" = @("OS", "Application", "Driver")
"Attributes" = @("Version", "License", "InstallDate")
"Filter" = "Status = Installed"
"Retention" = 7
}
"Network" = @{
"Categories" = @("Device", "Connection", "Protocol")
"Attributes" = @("IP", "MAC", "Speed")
"Filter" = "Status = Connected"
"Retention" = 7
}
"Storage" = @{
"Categories" = @("Disk", "Volume", "Share")
"Attributes" = @("Size", "Free", "Type")
"Filter" = "Status = Online"
"Retention" = 7
}
} `
-LogPath "C:\Logs\asset_discovery.json"

# 跟踪系统资产
$tracker = Track-SystemAssets -TrackingID "TRACKING001" `
-TrackingTypes @("Usage", "Cost", "Lifecycle") `
-TrackingMode "Usage" `
-TrackingConfig @{
"Usage" = @{
"Metrics" = @("CPU", "Memory", "Storage", "Network")
"Threshold" = 80
"Interval" = 60
"Report" = $true
}
"Cost" = @{
"Metrics" = @("License", "Maintenance", "Support")
"Threshold" = 1000
"Interval" = 30
"Report" = $true
}
"Lifecycle" = @{
"Metrics" = @("Age", "Warranty", "Depreciation")
"Threshold" = 365
"Interval" = 90
"Report" = $true
}
} `
-ReportPath "C:\Reports\asset_tracking.json"

# 优化系统资产
$optimizer = Optimize-SystemAssets -OptimizationID "OPTIMIZATION001" `
-OptimizationTypes @("Cost", "Performance", "Utilization") `
-OptimizationMode "Cost" `
-OptimizationConfig @{
"Cost" = @{
"Metrics" = @("License", "Maintenance", "Support")
"Threshold" = 1000
"Actions" = @("Renew", "Upgrade", "Terminate")
"Report" = $true
}
"Performance" = @{
"Metrics" = @("CPU", "Memory", "Storage", "Network")
"Threshold" = 80
"Actions" = @("Scale", "Upgrade", "Migrate")
"Report" = $true
}
"Utilization" = @{
"Metrics" = @("Usage", "Efficiency", "Availability")
"Threshold" = 60
"Actions" = @("Consolidate", "Optimize", "Decommission")
"Report" = $true
}
} `
-ReportPath "C:\Reports\asset_optimization.json"

最佳实践

  1. 实施资产发现
  2. 跟踪资产使用
  3. 优化资产利用
  4. 保持详细的资产记录
  5. 定期进行资产评估
  6. 实施优化策略
  7. 建立成本控制
  8. 保持系统文档更新

PowerShell 技能连载 - 视频处理技巧

在 PowerShell 中处理视频文件是一项有趣的任务,本文将介绍一些实用的视频处理技巧。

首先,让我们看看基本的视频操作:

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# 创建视频信息获取函数
function Get-VideoInfo {
param(
[string]$VideoPath
)

try {
# 使用 ffprobe 获取视频信息
$ffprobe = "ffprobe"
$info = & $ffprobe -v quiet -print_format json -show_format -show_streams $VideoPath | ConvertFrom-Json

$videoStream = $info.streams | Where-Object { $_.codec_type -eq "video" }
$audioStream = $info.streams | Where-Object { $_.codec_type -eq "audio" }

return [PSCustomObject]@{
FileName = Split-Path $VideoPath -Leaf
Duration = [math]::Round([double]$info.format.duration, 2)
Size = [math]::Round([double]$info.format.size / 1MB, 2)
Bitrate = [math]::Round([double]$info.format.bit_rate / 1000, 2)
Format = $info.format.format_name
VideoCodec = $videoStream.codec_name
VideoResolution = "$($videoStream.width)x$($videoStream.height)"
AudioCodec = $audioStream.codec_name
AudioChannels = $audioStream.channels
}
}
catch {
Write-Host "获取视频信息失败:$_"
}
}

视频格式转换:

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# 创建视频格式转换函数
function Convert-VideoFormat {
param(
[string]$InputPath,
[string]$OutputPath,
[ValidateSet("mp4", "avi", "mkv", "mov")]
[string]$TargetFormat,
[ValidateSet("high", "medium", "low")]
[string]$Quality = "medium"
)

try {
$ffmpeg = "ffmpeg"
$qualitySettings = @{
"high" = "-crf 17"
"medium" = "-crf 23"
"low" = "-crf 28"
}

$command = "$ffmpeg -i `"$InputPath`" $($qualitySettings[$Quality]) `"$OutputPath`""
Invoke-Expression $command

Write-Host "格式转换完成:$OutputPath"
}
catch {
Write-Host "转换失败:$_"
}
}

视频剪辑:

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# 创建视频剪辑函数
function Split-Video {
param(
[string]$InputPath,
[string]$OutputFolder,
[double]$StartTime,
[double]$Duration
)

try {
$ffmpeg = "ffmpeg"
$fileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($InputPath)
$extension = [System.IO.Path]::GetExtension($InputPath)
$outputPath = Join-Path $OutputFolder "$fileName`_split$extension"

$command = "$ffmpeg -i `"$InputPath`" -ss $StartTime -t $Duration `"$outputPath`""
Invoke-Expression $command

Write-Host "视频剪辑完成:$outputPath"
}
catch {
Write-Host "剪辑失败:$_"
}
}

视频压缩:

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# 创建视频压缩函数
function Compress-Video {
param(
[string]$InputPath,
[string]$OutputPath,
[ValidateSet("high", "medium", "low")]
[string]$Quality = "medium",
[int]$MaxWidth = 1920
)

try {
$ffmpeg = "ffmpeg"
$qualitySettings = @{
"high" = "-crf 23"
"medium" = "-crf 28"
"low" = "-crf 33"
}

$command = "$ffmpeg -i `"$InputPath`" -vf scale=$MaxWidth`:-1 $($qualitySettings[$Quality]) `"$OutputPath`""
Invoke-Expression $command

Write-Host "视频压缩完成:$OutputPath"
}
catch {
Write-Host "压缩失败:$_"
}
}

视频帧提取:

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# 创建视频帧提取函数
function Extract-VideoFrames {
param(
[string]$InputPath,
[string]$OutputFolder,
[double]$Interval = 1.0,
[ValidateSet("jpg", "png")]
[string]$Format = "jpg"
)

try {
$ffmpeg = "ffmpeg"
if (-not (Test-Path $OutputFolder)) {
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $OutputFolder | Out-Null
}

$fileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($InputPath)
$outputPattern = Join-Path $OutputFolder "$fileName`_%d.$Format"

$command = "$ffmpeg -i `"$InputPath`" -vf fps=1/$Interval `"$outputPattern`""
Invoke-Expression $command

Write-Host "帧提取完成:$OutputFolder"
}
catch {
Write-Host "帧提取失败:$_"
}
}

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地处理视频文件。记住,在处理视频时,始终要注意文件格式的兼容性和视频质量。同时,建议在处理大型视频文件时使用流式处理方式,以提高性能。

PowerShell 技能连载 - 智能日志分析与模式识别

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function Invoke-AILogAnalysis {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string]$LogPath,

[ValidateSet('Classification','Anomaly')]
[string]$AnalysisType = 'Classification'
)

$analysisReport = [PSCustomObject]@{
Timestamp = Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'
TotalEntries = 0
DetectedPatterns = @()
ModelAccuracy = 0
}

try {
# 加载预训练机器学习模型
$model = Import-MLModel -Path "$PSScriptRoot/log_analysis_model.zip"

# 预处理日志数据
$logData = Get-Content $LogPath |
ConvertFrom-LogEntry -ErrorAction Stop |
Select-Object TimeGenerated, Message, Level

$analysisReport.TotalEntries = $logData.Count

# 执行AI分析
$predictions = switch($AnalysisType) {
'Classification' {
$logData | Invoke-MLClassification -Model $model
}
'Anomaly' {
$logData | Invoke-MLAnomalyDetection -Model $model
}
}

# 生成检测报告
$analysisReport.DetectedPatterns = $predictions |
Where-Object { $_.Probability -gt 0.7 } |
Select-Object LogMessage, PatternType, Probability

# 计算模型准确率
$analysisReport.ModelAccuracy = ($predictions.ValidationScore | Measure-Object -Average).Average
}
catch {
Write-Error "日志分析失败: $_"
}

# 生成智能分析报告
$analysisReport | Export-Csv -Path "$env:TEMP/AILogReport_$(Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd).csv"
return $analysisReport
}

核心功能

  1. 机器学习模型集成调用
  2. 日志数据智能分类与异常检测
  3. 预测结果概率分析
  4. 模型准确率动态计算

应用场景

  • IT运维日志模式识别
  • 安全事件自动化检测
  • 系统故障预测分析
  • 日志数据质量评估

PowerShell 技能连载 - Kubernetes 管理技巧

在 PowerShell 中管理 Kubernetes 是一项重要任务,本文将介绍一些实用的 Kubernetes 管理技巧。

首先,让我们看看基本的 Kubernetes 操作:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 集群管理函数
function Manage-K8sCluster {
param(
[string]$ClusterName,
[string]$ResourceGroup,
[string]$Location,
[string]$NodeCount,
[string]$NodeSize,
[ValidateSet('Create', 'Update', 'Delete', 'Start', 'Stop')]
[string]$Action
)

try {
Import-Module Az.Aks

switch ($Action) {
'Create' {
New-AzAksCluster -Name $ClusterName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroup -Location $Location -NodeCount $NodeCount -NodeSize $NodeSize
Write-Host "Kubernetes 集群 $ClusterName 创建成功"
}
'Update' {
Update-AzAksCluster -Name $ClusterName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroup -NodeCount $NodeCount
Write-Host "Kubernetes 集群 $ClusterName 更新成功"
}
'Delete' {
Remove-AzAksCluster -Name $ClusterName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroup -Force
Write-Host "Kubernetes 集群 $ClusterName 删除成功"
}
'Start' {
Start-AzAksCluster -Name $ClusterName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroup
Write-Host "Kubernetes 集群 $ClusterName 已启动"
}
'Stop' {
Stop-AzAksCluster -Name $ClusterName -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroup
Write-Host "Kubernetes 集群 $ClusterName 已停止"
}
}
}
catch {
Write-Host "Kubernetes 集群操作失败:$_"
}
}

Kubernetes 资源部署:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 资源部署函数
function Deploy-K8sResource {
param(
[string]$Namespace,
[string]$ManifestPath,
[string]$Context,
[switch]$DryRun
)

try {
Import-Module Kubernetes

if ($DryRun) {
$result = kubectl apply -f $ManifestPath -n $Namespace --context $Context --dry-run=client
Write-Host "部署预览:"
$result
}
else {
$result = kubectl apply -f $ManifestPath -n $Namespace --context $Context
Write-Host "资源已部署到命名空间 $Namespace"
}

return [PSCustomObject]@{
Namespace = $Namespace
ManifestPath = $ManifestPath
Context = $Context
Result = $result
}
}
catch {
Write-Host "资源部署失败:$_"
}
}

Kubernetes 日志收集:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 日志收集函数
function Get-K8sLogs {
param(
[string]$Namespace,
[string]$Pod,
[string]$Container,
[int]$Lines = 100,
[datetime]$Since,
[string]$OutputPath
)

try {
Import-Module Kubernetes

$logParams = @(
"logs",
$Pod,
"-n", $Namespace,
"--tail=$Lines"
)

if ($Container) {
$logParams += "-c", $Container
}

if ($Since) {
$logParams += "--since=$($Since.ToString('yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ'))"
}

$logs = kubectl $logParams

if ($OutputPath) {
$logs | Out-File -FilePath $OutputPath -Encoding UTF8
}

return [PSCustomObject]@{
Pod = $Pod
Namespace = $Namespace
Container = $Container
LogCount = $logs.Count
OutputPath = $OutputPath
}
}
catch {
Write-Host "日志收集失败:$_"
}
}

Kubernetes 资源监控:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 资源监控函数
function Monitor-K8sResources {
param(
[string]$Namespace,
[string]$ResourceType,
[int]$Duration = 3600,
[int]$Interval = 60
)

try {
Import-Module Kubernetes

$metrics = @()
$endTime = Get-Date
$startTime = $endTime.AddSeconds(-$Duration)

while ($startTime -lt $endTime) {
$resourceMetrics = switch ($ResourceType) {
"Pod" {
kubectl top pods -n $Namespace
}
"Node" {
kubectl top nodes
}
"Deployment" {
kubectl top deployment -n $Namespace
}
default {
throw "不支持的资源类型:$ResourceType"
}
}

$metrics += [PSCustomObject]@{
Time = $startTime
ResourceType = $ResourceType
Metrics = $resourceMetrics
}

$startTime = $startTime.AddSeconds($Interval)
Start-Sleep -Seconds $Interval
}

return [PSCustomObject]@{
Namespace = $Namespace
ResourceType = $ResourceType
Duration = $Duration
Interval = $Interval
Metrics = $metrics
}
}
catch {
Write-Host "资源监控失败:$_"
}
}

Kubernetes 问题诊断:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 问题诊断函数
function Debug-K8sIssues {
param(
[string]$Namespace,
[string]$Pod,
[string]$OutputPath
)

try {
Import-Module Kubernetes

$diagnostics = @{
PodStatus = kubectl get pod $Pod -n $Namespace -o yaml
PodDescription = kubectl describe pod $Pod -n $Namespace
PodEvents = kubectl get events -n $Namespace --field-selector involvedObject.name=$Pod
PodLogs = kubectl logs $Pod -n $Namespace
}

if ($OutputPath) {
$diagnostics | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $OutputPath -Encoding UTF8
}

return [PSCustomObject]@{
Pod = $Pod
Namespace = $Namespace
Diagnostics = $diagnostics
OutputPath = $OutputPath
}
}
catch {
Write-Host "问题诊断失败:$_"
}
}

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地管理 Kubernetes。记住,在处理 Kubernetes 时,始终要注意安全性和性能。同时,建议使用适当的错误处理和日志记录机制来跟踪所有操作。

PowerShell调试技术深度剖析

智能断点管理

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# 设置条件断点
$bp = Set-PSBreakpoint -Script test.ps1 -Line 15 -Action {
if ($i -gt 5) { break }
Write-Host "当前循环值: $i"
}

# 动态禁用断点
$bp | Set-PSBreakpoint -Disabled:$true

调用堆栈分析

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function Get-DeepStack {
$stack = Get-PSCallStack
$stack | ForEach-Object {
[PSCustomObject]@{
位置 = $_.Location
命令 = $_.Command
参数 = $_.Arguments
}
}
}

变量追踪技巧

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# 注册变量监控事件
Register-EngineEvent -SourceIdentifier VariableChange -Action {
param($varName, $newValue)
Write-Host "变量 $varName 已更新为: $newValue"
}

# 触发变量监控
Set-Variable -Name TrackVar -Value 100 -Option AllScope

典型应用场景

  1. 递归函数执行跟踪
  2. 内存泄漏定位分析
  3. 异步脚本状态监控
  4. 第三方模块问题诊断

性能优化建议

  • 避免在循环内设置断点
  • 使用临时变量存储调试信息
  • 合理配置调试器超时时间
  • 采用模块化调试策略

PowerShell 技能连载 - Kubernetes 管理技巧

在 PowerShell 中管理 Kubernetes 集群是一项重要任务,本文将介绍一些实用的 Kubernetes 管理技巧。

首先,让我们看看基本的 Kubernetes 操作:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 集群信息获取函数
function Get-K8sClusterInfo {
param(
[string]$Context
)

try {
$kubectl = "kubectl"
if ($Context) {
$kubectl += " --context=$Context"
}

$nodes = & $kubectl get nodes -o json | ConvertFrom-Json
$pods = & $kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o json | ConvertFrom-Json

return [PSCustomObject]@{
NodeCount = $nodes.items.Count
PodCount = $pods.items.Count
Namespaces = ($pods.items | Select-Object -ExpandProperty metadata | Select-Object -ExpandProperty namespace -Unique).Count
NodeStatus = $nodes.items | ForEach-Object {
[PSCustomObject]@{
Name = $_.metadata.name
Status = $_.status.conditions | Where-Object { $_.type -eq "Ready" } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty status
Version = $_.status.nodeInfo.kubeletVersion
}
}
}
}
catch {
Write-Host "获取集群信息失败:$_"
}
}

Kubernetes 资源部署:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 资源部署函数
function Deploy-K8sResource {
param(
[string]$ManifestPath,
[string]$Namespace,
[string]$Context,
[switch]$DryRun
)

try {
$kubectl = "kubectl"
if ($Context) {
$kubectl += " --context=$Context"
}
if ($Namespace) {
$kubectl += " -n $Namespace"
}
if ($DryRun) {
$kubectl += " --dry-run=client"
}

$command = "$kubectl apply -f `"$ManifestPath`""
Invoke-Expression $command

Write-Host "资源部署完成"
}
catch {
Write-Host "部署失败:$_"
}
}

Kubernetes 日志收集:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 日志收集函数
function Get-K8sLogs {
param(
[string]$PodName,
[string]$Namespace,
[string]$Container,
[int]$Lines = 100,
[string]$Context,
[datetime]$Since
)

try {
$kubectl = "kubectl"
if ($Context) {
$kubectl += " --context=$Context"
}
if ($Namespace) {
$kubectl += " -n $Namespace"
}
if ($Container) {
$kubectl += " -c $Container"
}
if ($Since) {
$kubectl += " --since=$($Since.ToString('yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ'))"
}

$command = "$kubectl logs $PodName --tail=$Lines"
$logs = Invoke-Expression $command

return [PSCustomObject]@{
PodName = $PodName
Container = $Container
Logs = $logs
Timestamp = Get-Date
}
}
catch {
Write-Host "日志收集失败:$_"
}
}

Kubernetes 资源监控:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 资源监控函数
function Monitor-K8sResources {
param(
[string]$Namespace,
[string]$Context,
[int]$Interval = 60,
[int]$Duration = 3600
)

try {
$kubectl = "kubectl"
if ($Context) {
$kubectl += " --context=$Context"
}
if ($Namespace) {
$kubectl += " -n $Namespace"
}

$startTime = Get-Date
$metrics = @()

while ((Get-Date) - $startTime).TotalSeconds -lt $Duration {
$pods = & $kubectl get pods -o json | ConvertFrom-Json
$nodes = & $kubectl get nodes -o json | ConvertFrom-Json

$metrics += [PSCustomObject]@{
Timestamp = Get-Date
PodCount = $pods.items.Count
NodeCount = $nodes.items.Count
PodStatus = $pods.items | Group-Object { $_.status.phase } | ForEach-Object {
[PSCustomObject]@{
Status = $_.Name
Count = $_.Count
}
}
NodeStatus = $nodes.items | Group-Object { $_.status.conditions | Where-Object { $_.type -eq "Ready" } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty status } | ForEach-Object {
[PSCustomObject]@{
Status = $_.Name
Count = $_.Count
}
}
}

Start-Sleep -Seconds $Interval
}

return $metrics
}
catch {
Write-Host "监控失败:$_"
}
}

Kubernetes 故障排查:

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# 创建 Kubernetes 故障排查函数
function Debug-K8sIssues {
param(
[string]$PodName,
[string]$Namespace,
[string]$Context,
[switch]$IncludeEvents,
[switch]$IncludeLogs
)

try {
$kubectl = "kubectl"
if ($Context) {
$kubectl += " --context=$Context"
}
if ($Namespace) {
$kubectl += " -n $Namespace"
}

$diagnostics = @{
PodStatus = & $kubectl get pod $PodName -o json | ConvertFrom-Json
PodDescription = & $kubectl describe pod $PodName
}

if ($IncludeEvents) {
$diagnostics.Events = & $kubectl get events --field-selector involvedObject.name=$PodName
}

if ($IncludeLogs) {
$diagnostics.Logs = & $kubectl logs $PodName
}

return [PSCustomObject]$diagnostics
}
catch {
Write-Host "故障排查失败:$_"
}
}

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地管理 Kubernetes 集群。记住,在处理 Kubernetes 资源时,始终要注意集群的安全性和稳定性。同时,建议在处理大型集群时使用适当的资源限制和监控机制。

PowerShell 技能连载 - AI 集成技巧

在 PowerShell 中集成 AI 功能是一项前沿任务,本文将介绍一些实用的 AI 集成技巧。

首先,让我们看看如何与 OpenAI API 进行交互:

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# 创建 OpenAI 交互函数
function Invoke-OpenAIAPI {
param(
[string]$ApiKey,
[string]$Prompt,
[ValidateSet('gpt-4', 'gpt-3.5-turbo')]
[string]$Model = 'gpt-3.5-turbo',
[float]$Temperature = 0.7,
[int]$MaxTokens = 500
)

try {
$headers = @{
'Content-Type' = 'application/json'
'Authorization' = "Bearer $ApiKey"
}

$body = @{
model = $Model
messages = @(
@{
role = "user"
content = $Prompt
}
)
temperature = $Temperature
max_tokens = $MaxTokens
} | ConvertTo-Json

$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions" -Method Post -Headers $headers -Body $body
return $response.choices[0].message.content
}
catch {
Write-Host "OpenAI API 调用失败:$_"
}
}

使用 AI 生成 PowerShell 脚本:

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# 创建 AI 脚本生成函数
function New-AIScript {
param(
[string]$ApiKey,
[string]$Description,
[string]$OutputPath
)

try {
$prompt = @"
生成一个 PowerShell 脚本,完成以下功能:$Description

要求:
1. 脚本应包含详细的注释
2. 包含适当的错误处理
3. 遵循 PowerShell 最佳实践
4. 只返回脚本代码,不要额外的解释
"@

$script = Invoke-OpenAIAPI -ApiKey $ApiKey -Prompt $prompt -MaxTokens 2000

if ($OutputPath) {
$script | Out-File -FilePath $OutputPath -Encoding UTF8
Write-Host "脚本已保存至:$OutputPath"
}

return $script
}
catch {
Write-Host "AI 脚本生成失败:$_"
}
}

利用 AI 进行日志分析:

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# 创建 AI 日志分析函数
function Analyze-LogsWithAI {
param(
[string]$ApiKey,
[string]$LogFilePath,
[string]$OutputPath,
[switch]$IncludeRecommendations
)

try {
$logs = Get-Content -Path $LogFilePath -Raw

# 将日志截断到合理的大小
if ($logs.Length -gt 4000) {
$logs = $logs.Substring(0, 4000) + "... [日志截断]"
}

$promptSuffix = ""
if ($IncludeRecommendations) {
$promptSuffix = "并提供解决方案建议。"
}

$prompt = @"
分析以下系统日志,识别可能的错误、警告和问题模式$promptSuffix

日志内容:
$logs
"@

$analysis = Invoke-OpenAIAPI -ApiKey $ApiKey -Prompt $prompt -MaxTokens 1500

if ($OutputPath) {
$analysis | Out-File -FilePath $OutputPath -Encoding UTF8
Write-Host "分析结果已保存至:$OutputPath"
}

return $analysis
}
catch {
Write-Host "AI 日志分析失败:$_"
}
}

AI 辅助的自动化故障排除:

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# 创建 AI 故障排除函数
function Start-AITroubleshooting {
param(
[string]$ApiKey,
[string]$Issue,
[switch]$RunDiagnostics
)

try {
$systemInfo = Get-ComputerInfo | ConvertTo-Json

if ($RunDiagnostics) {
$eventLogs = Get-WinEvent -LogName Application -MaxEvents 20 | Select-Object TimeCreated, LevelDisplayName, Message | ConvertTo-Json
$services = Get-Service | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq 'Stopped' -and $_.StartType -eq 'Automatic' } | ConvertTo-Json

$diagnosticInfo = @"
系统信息:
$systemInfo

最近事件日志:
$eventLogs

已停止的自动启动服务:
$services
"@
} else {
$diagnosticInfo = "系统信息:$systemInfo"
}

$prompt = @"
我有以下系统问题:$Issue

基于以下系统信息,提供排查步骤和可能的解决方案:

$diagnosticInfo
"@

$troubleshooting = Invoke-OpenAIAPI -ApiKey $ApiKey -Prompt $prompt -MaxTokens 2000 -Model 'gpt-4'

return $troubleshooting
}
catch {
Write-Host "AI 故障排除失败:$_"
}
}

使用 AI 优化 PowerShell 脚本性能:

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# 创建 AI 脚本优化函数
function Optimize-ScriptWithAI {
param(
[string]$ApiKey,
[string]$ScriptPath,
[string]$OutputPath,
[switch]$IncludeExplanation
)

try {
$script = Get-Content -Path $ScriptPath -Raw

$promptSuffix = ""
if ($IncludeExplanation) {
$promptSuffix = "并解释所做的改动和优化理由。"
}

$prompt = @"
优化以下 PowerShell 脚本的性能和代码质量$promptSuffix

脚本内容:
$script
"@

$optimizedScript = Invoke-OpenAIAPI -ApiKey $ApiKey -Prompt $prompt -MaxTokens 2000 -Model 'gpt-4'

if ($OutputPath) {
$optimizedScript | Out-File -FilePath $OutputPath -Encoding UTF8
Write-Host "优化后的脚本已保存至:$OutputPath"
}

return $optimizedScript
}
catch {
Write-Host "AI 脚本优化失败:$_"
}
}

这些技巧将帮助您更有效地在 PowerShell 中集成 AI 功能。记住,在处理 AI 相关任务时,始终要注意 API 密钥的安全性和成本控制。同时,建议使用适当的错误处理和日志记录机制来跟踪所有操作。

PowerShell 技能连载 - Azure多云成本优化实践

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function Get-AzureCostAnalysis {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string[]]$SubscriptionIds,
[datetime]$StartDate = (Get-Date).AddDays(-30)
)

$report = [PSCustomObject]@{
Timestamp = Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'
ResourceAnalysis = @()
CostRecommendations = @()
}

foreach ($subId in $SubscriptionIds) {
Set-AzContext -SubscriptionId $subId | Out-Null

# 获取资源消耗数据
$resources = Get-AzResource | Where-Object {
$_.ResourceType -notin @('Microsoft.Resources/deployments','Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions')
}

$resourceGroups = $resources | Group-Object ResourceGroupName
foreach ($rg in $resourceGroups) {
$costData = Get-AzConsumptionUsageDetail -StartDate $StartDate -EndDate (Get-Date) -ResourceGroup $rg.Name

$report.ResourceAnalysis += [PSCustomObject]@{
Subscription = $subId
ResourceGroup = $rg.Name
TotalCost = ($costData | Measure-Object PretaxCost -Sum).Sum
UnderutilizedVMs = $rg.Group.Where{ $_.ResourceType -eq 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' }.Count
}
}
}

# 生成优化建议
$report.ResourceAnalysis | ForEach-Object {
if ($_.UnderutilizedVMs -gt 5) {
$report.CostRecommendations += [PSCustomObject]@{
Recommendation = "调整资源组 $($_.ResourceGroup) 中未充分利用的VM规模"
PotentialSavings = "预计节省 $([math]::Round($_.TotalCost * 0.3)) 美元"
}
}
}

$report | Export-Excel -Path "$env:TEMP/AzureCostReport_$(Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd).xlsx"
return $report
}

核心功能

  1. 跨订阅资源消耗分析
  2. 闲置VM资源自动识别
  3. 成本节约潜力预测
  4. Excel报告自动生成

典型应用场景

  • 企业多云成本可视化管理
  • FinOps实践中的资源优化
  • 预算执行情况跟踪
  • 云服务商比价数据支持

PowerShell 技能连载 - 补丁管理

在系统管理中,补丁管理对于确保系统安全性和稳定性至关重要。本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell构建一个补丁管理系统,包括补丁扫描、评估和部署等功能。

补丁扫描

首先,让我们创建一个用于管理补丁扫描的函数:

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function Scan-SystemPatches {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$ScanID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$ScanTypes,

[Parameter()]
[ValidateSet("Full", "Quick", "Custom")]
[string]$ScanMode = "Full",

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$ScanConfig,

[Parameter()]
[string]$LogPath
)

try {
$scanner = [PSCustomObject]@{
ScanID = $ScanID
StartTime = Get-Date
ScanStatus = @{}
Patches = @{}
Issues = @()
}

# 获取扫描配置
$config = Get-ScanConfig -ScanID $ScanID

# 管理扫描
foreach ($type in $ScanTypes) {
$status = [PSCustomObject]@{
Type = $type
Status = "Unknown"
Config = @{}
Patches = @{}
Issues = @()
}

# 应用扫描配置
$typeConfig = Apply-ScanConfig `
-Config $config `
-Type $type `
-Mode $ScanMode `
-Settings $ScanConfig

$status.Config = $typeConfig

# 扫描系统补丁
$patches = Scan-PatchData `
-Type $type `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Patches = $patches
$scanner.Patches[$type] = $patches

# 检查扫描问题
$issues = Check-ScanIssues `
-Patches $patches `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Issues = $issues
$scanner.Issues += $issues

# 更新扫描状态
if ($issues.Count -gt 0) {
$status.Status = "Warning"
}
else {
$status.Status = "Success"
}

$scanner.ScanStatus[$type] = $status
}

# 记录扫描日志
if ($LogPath) {
$scanner | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $LogPath
}

# 更新扫描器状态
$scanner.EndTime = Get-Date

return $scanner
}
catch {
Write-Error "补丁扫描失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

补丁评估

接下来,创建一个用于管理补丁评估的函数:

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function Assess-SystemPatches {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$AssessmentID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$AssessmentTypes,

[Parameter()]
[ValidateSet("Security", "Compatibility", "Dependency")]
[string]$AssessmentMode = "Security",

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$AssessmentConfig,

[Parameter()]
[string]$ReportPath
)

try {
$assessor = [PSCustomObject]@{
AssessmentID = $AssessmentID
StartTime = Get-Date
AssessmentStatus = @{}
Assessment = @{}
Findings = @()
}

# 获取评估配置
$config = Get-AssessmentConfig -AssessmentID $AssessmentID

# 管理评估
foreach ($type in $AssessmentTypes) {
$status = [PSCustomObject]@{
Type = $type
Status = "Unknown"
Config = @{}
Assessment = @{}
Findings = @()
}

# 应用评估配置
$typeConfig = Apply-AssessmentConfig `
-Config $config `
-Type $type `
-Mode $AssessmentMode `
-Settings $AssessmentConfig

$status.Config = $typeConfig

# 评估系统补丁
$assessment = Assess-PatchData `
-Type $type `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Assessment = $assessment
$assessor.Assessment[$type] = $assessment

# 生成评估结果
$findings = Generate-AssessmentFindings `
-Assessment $assessment `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Findings = $findings
$assessor.Findings += $findings

# 更新评估状态
if ($findings.Count -gt 0) {
$status.Status = "High"
}
else {
$status.Status = "Low"
}

$assessor.AssessmentStatus[$type] = $status
}

# 生成报告
if ($ReportPath) {
$report = Generate-AssessmentReport `
-Assessor $assessor `
-Config $config

$report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath
}

# 更新评估器状态
$assessor.EndTime = Get-Date

return $assessor
}
catch {
Write-Error "补丁评估失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

补丁部署

最后,创建一个用于管理补丁部署的函数:

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function Deploy-SystemPatches {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$DeploymentID,

[Parameter()]
[string[]]$DeploymentTypes,

[Parameter()]
[ValidateSet("Automatic", "Manual", "Scheduled")]
[string]$DeploymentMode = "Automatic",

[Parameter()]
[hashtable]$DeploymentConfig,

[Parameter()]
[string]$ReportPath
)

try {
$deployer = [PSCustomObject]@{
DeploymentID = $DeploymentID
StartTime = Get-Date
DeploymentStatus = @{}
Deployment = @{}
Results = @()
}

# 获取部署配置
$config = Get-DeploymentConfig -DeploymentID $DeploymentID

# 管理部署
foreach ($type in $DeploymentTypes) {
$status = [PSCustomObject]@{
Type = $type
Status = "Unknown"
Config = @{}
Deployment = @{}
Results = @()
}

# 应用部署配置
$typeConfig = Apply-DeploymentConfig `
-Config $config `
-Type $type `
-Mode $DeploymentMode `
-Settings $DeploymentConfig

$status.Config = $typeConfig

# 部署系统补丁
$deployment = Deploy-PatchData `
-Type $type `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Deployment = $deployment
$deployer.Deployment[$type] = $deployment

# 生成部署结果
$results = Generate-DeploymentResults `
-Deployment $deployment `
-Config $typeConfig

$status.Results = $results
$deployer.Results += $results

# 更新部署状态
if ($results.Count -gt 0) {
$status.Status = "Success"
}
else {
$status.Status = "Failed"
}

$deployer.DeploymentStatus[$type] = $status
}

# 生成报告
if ($ReportPath) {
$report = Generate-DeploymentReport `
-Deployer $deployer `
-Config $config

$report | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File -FilePath $ReportPath
}

# 更新部署器状态
$deployer.EndTime = Get-Date

return $deployer
}
catch {
Write-Error "补丁部署失败:$_"
return $null
}
}

使用示例

以下是如何使用这些函数来管理补丁的示例:

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# 扫描系统补丁
$scanner = Scan-SystemPatches -ScanID "SCAN001" `
-ScanTypes @("Security", "Critical", "Optional", "Driver") `
-ScanMode "Full" `
-ScanConfig @{
"Security" = @{
"Source" = @("Windows Update", "WSUS", "SCCM")
"Filter" = "Severity = Critical"
"Report" = $true
}
"Critical" = @{
"Source" = @("Windows Update", "WSUS", "SCCM")
"Filter" = "Type = Critical"
"Report" = $true
}
"Optional" = @{
"Source" = @("Windows Update", "WSUS", "SCCM")
"Filter" = "Type = Optional"
"Report" = $true
}
"Driver" = @{
"Source" = @("Windows Update", "WSUS", "SCCM")
"Filter" = "Type = Driver"
"Report" = $true
}
} `
-LogPath "C:\Logs\patch_scan.json"

# 评估系统补丁
$assessor = Assess-SystemPatches -AssessmentID "ASSESSMENT001" `
-AssessmentTypes @("Security", "Critical", "Optional", "Driver") `
-AssessmentMode "Security" `
-AssessmentConfig @{
"Security" = @{
"Impact" = @("Vulnerability", "Compliance", "Risk")
"Priority" = "High"
"Report" = $true
}
"Critical" = @{
"Impact" = @("Vulnerability", "Compliance", "Risk")
"Priority" = "High"
"Report" = $true
}
"Optional" = @{
"Impact" = @("Vulnerability", "Compliance", "Risk")
"Priority" = "Medium"
"Report" = $true
}
"Driver" = @{
"Impact" = @("Vulnerability", "Compliance", "Risk")
"Priority" = "Low"
"Report" = $true
}
} `
-ReportPath "C:\Reports\patch_assessment.json"

# 部署系统补丁
$deployer = Deploy-SystemPatches -DeploymentID "DEPLOYMENT001" `
-DeploymentTypes @("Security", "Critical", "Optional", "Driver") `
-DeploymentMode "Automatic" `
-DeploymentConfig @{
"Security" = @{
"Method" = @("Download", "Install", "Verify")
"Schedule" = "Immediate"
"Timeout" = 120
"Report" = $true
}
"Critical" = @{
"Method" = @("Download", "Install", "Verify")
"Schedule" = "Immediate"
"Timeout" = 120
"Report" = $true
}
"Optional" = @{
"Method" = @("Download", "Install", "Verify")
"Schedule" = "OffHours"
"Timeout" = 120
"Report" = $true
}
"Driver" = @{
"Method" = @("Download", "Install", "Verify")
"Schedule" = "OffHours"
"Timeout" = 120
"Report" = $true
}
} `
-ReportPath "C:\Reports\patch_deployment.json"

最佳实践

  1. 实施补丁扫描
  2. 评估补丁影响
  3. 管理补丁部署
  4. 保持详细的补丁记录
  5. 定期进行补丁审查
  6. 实施回滚策略
  7. 建立补丁控制
  8. 保持系统文档更新

PowerShell 技能连载 - 正则表达式实战

正则表达式基础

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# 邮箱验证模式
$emailPattern = '^[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)*@([\w-]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,7}$'

# 匹配操作
if ('user@domain.com' -match $emailPattern) {
Write-Output "有效邮箱地址"
}

高级应用场景

  1. 批量重命名文件

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    Get-ChildItem *.log | 
    Rename-Item -NewName { $_.Name -replace '_\d{8}_','_$(Get-Date -f yyyyMMdd)_' }
  2. 日志分析提取

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    Select-String -Path *.log -Pattern 'ERROR (\w+): (.+)' | 
    ForEach-Object {
    [PSCustomObject]@{
    Code = $_.Matches.Groups[1].Value
    Message = $_.Matches.Groups[2].Value
    }
    }

最佳实践

  1. 使用命名捕获组增强可读性:

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    $logEntry = '2024-04-22 14:35 [WARN] Disk space below 10%'
    if ($logEntry -match '(?<Date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).+\[(?<Level>\w+)\] (?<Message>.+)') {
    $matches['Level']
    }
  2. 预编译常用模式提升性能:

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    $ipPattern = [regex]::new('^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}$')
    if ($ipPattern.IsMatch('192.168.1.1')) {
    # IP地址验证逻辑
    }
  3. 多行模式处理复杂文本:

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    $matches = $multiLineText | Select-String -Pattern '(?s)<start>(.*?)<end>'